ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020).
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis as a public health problem in Republic of Guinea: Paving the way for zero transmission.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Synthesis of New Asymmetrical Chalcones and Evaluation of Their Use in Combination with Curcumin Against Rhodesain ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- To Explore Potential Natural Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteases to Combat Human African Trypanosomiasis and Chagas Disease.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Targeting Trypanothione Synthetase and Trypanothione Reductase: Development of Common Inhibitors to Tackle Trypanosomatid Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Notes from the Field: Rhodesiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) in a Traveler Returning from Zimbabwe - United States, August 2024.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2025Article
- Roles of cytokines in modulatingFrontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Article
- A Nanobody/Monoclonal Antibody "hybrid" sandwich technology offers an improved immunoassay strategy for detection of African trypanosome infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Monitoring progress towards the 2021-2030 WHO road map targets.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Q586B2 is a crucial virulence factor during the early stages of Trypanosoma brucei infection that is conserved amongst trypanosomatids.Nature communications · 2024Article
- An Atlas of Surra in Spain: A Tool to Support Epidemiological Investigations and Disease Control.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)-Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.Current tropical medicine reports · 2023Article
- Tsetse fly ecology and risk of transmission of African trypanosomes related to a protected forest area at a military base in the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is transmitted by tsetse flies in endemic foci in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of international travel and population movements, cases are also occasionally diagnosed in non-endemic countries. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsAntitrypanosomal medicines to treat the disease are available gratis through the World Health Organization (WHO) thanks to a public-private partnership, and exclusive distribution of the majority of them enables WHO to gather information on all exported cases. Data collected by WHO are complemented by case reports and scientific publications. During 2011-2020, 49 cases of HAT were diagnosed in 16 non-endemic countries across five continents: 35 cases were caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, mainly in tourists visiting wildlife areas in eastern and southern Africa, and 14 cases were due to T. b. gambiense, mainly in African migrants originating from or visiting endemic areas in western and central Africa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: HAT diagnosis in non-endemic countries is rare and can be challenging, but alertness and surveillance must be maintained to contribute to WHO's elimination goals. Early detection is particularly important as it considerably improves the prognosis.
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