ArticleBlood advances2023
Cost-effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma.
Article in Blood advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-Effectiveness of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Blood Cancers: An Updated Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Economic and Healthcare Resource Utilization Burden of Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on the appropriate discounting rates for the economic evaluation of gene therapies: whether a specific approach is justified to tackle the challenges?International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2024Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Epcoritamab Plus Lenalidomide and Rituximab Versus Lenalidomide and Rituximab for Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A US Payer Perspective.Hematological oncology · 2026Article
- Real-world outcomes after CAR T versus standard therapy in third-line or later relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma in the United States.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Bispecific Antibodies in Hematologic Malignancies in the Outpatient and Community Settings.Advances in hematology · 2026Review
- Characterization of Short Production Cycle and Nongenotoxic mRNA-Based CAR-T Cells Targeting CD19-Positive and CD22-Positive Malignancies.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- From cold chain to ambient: Benefits, risks, and evidence across cell therapy logistics.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapies: patient access and affordability solutions.Future science OA · 2025Review
- Challenges and strategies in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Can We Lower the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Heavily Immunocompromised Patients? A Narrative Review and Call to Action.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Pharmacoeconomic Profiles of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products in Rare Diseases: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical development of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor αβ-T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Advances in Gene Therapy with Oncolytic Viruses and CAR-T Cells and Therapy-Related Groups.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS: a narrative review from molecular to organ-level perspectives.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- Smart CAR-T Nanosymbionts: archetypes and proto-models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Mosunetuzumab vs Tisagenlecleucel for Treatment of Third- or Higher-Line (3L+) Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Follicular Lymphoma (FL) in Italy.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
- Bio-functional hydrogel coated membranes to decrease T-cell exhaustion in manufacturing of CAR T-cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CAR-T cell therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a brief report on the clinical trial landscape, current status, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Engineering signalling pathways in mammalian cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is traditionally considered treatable but incurable. In March 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) FL after ≥2 lines of therapy. Priced at $373 000, CAR T-cell therapy is potentially curative, and its cost-effectiveness compared with other modern R/R FL treatment strategies is unknown. We developed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of third-line CAR T-cell vs standard of care (SOC) therapies in adults with R/R FL. We estimated progression rates for patients receiving CAR T-cell and SOC therapies from the ZUMA-5 trial and the LEO CReWE study, respectively. We calculated costs, discounted life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CAR T-cell vs SOC therapies with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150 000 per QALY. Our analysis was conducted from a US payer's perspective over a lifetime horizon. In our base-case model, the cost of the CAR T-cell strategy was $731 682 compared with $458 490 for SOC therapies. However, CAR T-cell therapy was associated with incremental clinical benefit of 1.50 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $182 127 per QALY. Our model was most sensitive to the utilities associated with CAR T-cell therapy remission and third-line SOC therapies and to the total upfront CAR T-cell therapy cost. Under current pricing, CAR T-cell therapy is unlikely to be cost-effective in unselected patients with FL in the third-line setting. Both randomized clinical trials and longer term clinical follow-up can help clarify the benefits of CAR T-cell therapy and optimal sequencing in patients with FL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.