ArticleClinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry2022
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) as a biomarker of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Update prognostic potency of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the COVID-19 landscape: an In-depth meta-analytical exploration.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- [Lung-protective effect of esketamine combined with distal limb ischemic preconditioning in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial in 160 cases].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Trial
- Proteome-wide Mendelian randomisation of lung function to identify potential therapeutic targets for respiratory disease.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Usefulness of SP-D, CCL2/MCP-1, and IL-18 in Assessing Respiratory Function and Risk of Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Impact of Surfactant Protein-D Gene Polymorphism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Exploratory Changes in Surfactant Protein D During Intermittent Hypoxia and Modulation by Galectin-3 Inhibition.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Lunasin alleviates pulmonary inflammation in A549 alveolar epithelial cells and C57BL6/J mice in obese-mimicking conditions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Is Altered Surfactant Protein Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Associated with COVID-19 Disease Severity?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Surfactant Protein D and Club Cell Secretory Protein as Biomarkers of Disease Severity and Fostamatinib Efficacy in Severe COVID-19.Critical care explorations · 2025Article
- Anti-CD14 treatment in patients with severe COVID-19: Clinical and biological effects in a Phase 2 randomized open-label adaptive platform clinical trial.CHEST critical care · 2025Article
- Surfactant protein levels and genetic variants as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in children.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Severe COVID-19 induces prolonged elevation of the acute-phase protein pentraxin 3.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clara cell 16 kDa protein: an important marker for COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Novel tools for evaluating COVID-19 at the emergency department: Surfactant protein D level and CHARISMA score.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Surfactant-derived protein type B: a new biomarker linked to respiratory failure and lung damage in mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Controlled human exposures: a review and comparison of the health effects of diesel exhaust and wood smoke.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2024Review
- Process-Specific Blood Biomarkers and Outcomes in COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID-19 ARDS (APEL-COVID Study): A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID-19.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- Could SP-A and SP-D Serum Levels Predict COVID-19 Severity?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Human surfactant protein A inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and alleviates lung injury in a mouse infection model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurfactant protein-D (SP-D) is a lung-resident protein that has emerged as a potential biomarker for COVID-19. Previous investigations on acute respiratory distress syndrome patients demonstrated a significant increment of SP-D serum levels in pathological conditions. Since SP-D is not physiologically permeable to alveoli-capillary membrane and poorly expressed by other tissues, this enhancement is likely due to an impairment of the pulmonary barrier caused by prolonged inflammation.
methodsA retrospective study on a relatively large cohort of patients of Hospital Pio XI of Desio was conducted to assess differences of the hematic SP-D concentrations among COVID-19 patients and healthy donors and if SP-D levels resulted a risk factor for disease severity and mortality.
resultsThe first analysis, using an ANOVA-model, showed a significant difference in the mean of log SP-D levels between COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. Significant variations were also found between dead vs survived patients. Results confirm that SP-D concentrations were significantly higher for both hospitalized COVID-19 and dead patients, with threshold values of 150 and 250 ng/mL, respectively. Further analysis conducted with Logistic Mixed models, highlighted that higher SP-D levels at admission and increasing differences among follow-up and admission values resulted the strongest significant risk factors of mortality (model predictive accuracy, AUC = 0.844).
conclusionsThe results indicate that SP-D can be a predictive marker of COVID-19 disease and its outcome. Considering its prognostic value in terms of mortality, the early detection of SP-D levels and its follow-up in hospitalized patients should be considered to direct the therapeutic intervention.
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