ArticleJournal of immunology research2022
Betaine Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Hyperactivation and Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Phenotypic Differentiation, Thereby Attenuating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior.
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research trends and hotspots of electroacupuncture for depression: a bibliometric and visual analysis (2005-2025).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A comprehensive review of phytoconstituents in liver cancer prevention and treatment: targeting insights into molecular signaling pathways.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Betaine in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The roles of microglia and astrocytes in inflammasomes and neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Exploring the Multifunctional Roles of Betaine: Traditional Applications, Emerging Technologies, and Green Chemistry Innovations.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plant-derived betaine enhances barrier integrity and immune responses in canine intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages under endotoxin challenge.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Review
- Harnessing Dietary Tryptophan: Bridging the Gap Between Neurobiology and Psychiatry in Depression Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Betaine: A Promising Natural Product for Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Xiaoyao San against depression via glia-mediated neuroinflammation using network pharmacology and experimental validation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Betaine alleviates deficits in motor behavior, neurotoxic effects, and neuroinflammatory responses in a rat model of demyelination.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Formononetin ameliorates depression-like behaviors through rebalancing microglia M1/M2 polarization and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome: involvement of activating PPARα-mediated autophagy.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Activation of the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE-2 cascade through the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced eosinophilic meningoencephalitis.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Betaine inhibits the stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating autophagy via SAM/mTheranostics · 2025Article
- NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Target for the Treatment of CVD and Depression Comorbidity.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Betaine, a Potential Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Depression.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Arginine Methylation of β-Catenin Induced by PRMT2 Aggravates LPS-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Depression-Like Behaviors by Promoting Ferroptosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Engeletin alleviates depressive-like behaviours by modulating microglial polarization via the LCN2/CXCL10 signalling pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- The major biogenic amine metabolites in mood disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Exploring the Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Microglial Inflammatory Activation through P2X7 Receptors based on Transcriptome Sequencing.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression is one of the most important mental illnesses and is closely related to inflammation. Betaine is a natural product with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the mechanism by which betaine ameliorates depression-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of betaine on LPS-induced depression-like behavior in mice and its mechanism of action. ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the LPS model group (0.83 mg/kg), the positive drug group (MIDO, 50 mg/kg), and the betaine group (5% and 1% in drinking water). The betaine group was administered for 21 days, and on the 22nd day, except for the blank group, LPS (0.83 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to establish a lipopolysaccharide-induced mice depression-like model. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, the tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to evaluate the effect of betaine on LPS-induced depressive behavior in mice. After the behavioral study, the mouse brain, hippocampus, and serum were taken for detection. The expressions of cytokines and inflammatory mediators were detected by ELISA, HE staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and ASC, the protein expression levels of the microglial polarization markers COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD206. The results showed that betaine significantly ameliorated the depression-like behavior in LPS-induced mice, significantly attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increased the release of an anti-inflammatory cytokines. Betaine decreased the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, decreased the expression of M1 polarization markers, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.