ArticleACS catalysis2022
How Human TET2 Enzyme Catalyzes the Oxidation of Unnatural Cytosine Modifications in Double-Stranded DNA.
Article in ACS catalysis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Origins of Catalysis in Non-Heme Fe(II)/2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM4A with Differently Methylated Histone H3 Peptides.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
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- Unusual catalytic strategy by non-heme Fe(ii)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent aspartyl hydroxylase AspH.Chemical science · 2024Article
- TET2-mediated ECM1 hypomethylation promotes the neovascularization in active proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Catalytic Mechanism of Collagen Hydrolysis by Zinc(II)-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase-1.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023Article
- Revealing the Catalytic Strategy of FTO.Chem catalysis · 2023Article
- Catalysis by KDM6 Histone Demethylases - A Synergy between the Non-Heme Iron(II) Center, Second Coordination Sphere, and Long-Range Interactions.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2023Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Methylation of cytosine bases is strongly linked to gene expression, imprinting, aging, and carcinogenesis. The Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes, which are Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent enzymes, employ Fe(IV)=O species to dealkylate the lesioned bases to an unmodified cytosine. Recently, it has been shown that the TET2 enzyme can catalyze promiscuously DNA substrates containing unnatural alkylated cytosine. Such unnatural substrates of TET can be used as direct probes for measuring the TET activity or capturing TET from cellular samples. Herein, we studied the catalytic mechanisms during the oxidation of the unnatural C5-position modifications (5-ethylcytosine (5eC), 5-vinylcytosine (5vC) and 5-ethynylcytosine (5eyC)) and the demethylation of N4-methylated lesions (4-methylcytosine (4mC) and 4,4-dimethylcytosine(4dmC)) of the cytosine base by the TET2 enzyme using molecular dynamics (MD) and combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computational approaches. The results reveal that the chemical nature of the alkylation of the double-stranded (ds) DNA substrates induces distinct changes in the interactions in the binding site, the second coordination sphere, and long-range correlated motions of the ES complexes. The rate-determining hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is faster in N4-methyl substituent substrates than in the C5-alkylations. Importantly, the calculations show the preference of hydroxylation over desaturation in both 5eC and 5vC substrates. The studies elucidate the post-hydroxylation rearrangements of the hydroxylated intermediates of 5eyC and 5vC to ketene and 5-formylmethylcytosine (5fmC), respectively, and hydrolysis of hemiaminal intermediate of 4mC to formaldehyde and unmodified cytosine proceed exclusively in aqueous solution outside of the enzyme environment. Overall, the studies show that the chemical nature of the unnatural alkylated cytosine substrates exercises distinct effects on the binding interactions, reaction mechanism, and dynamics of TET2.
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