SynthesisFrontiers in public health2022
The vicious cycle of the public's irrational use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections: A mixed methods systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of family doctor contract services for chronic diseases management in China: a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC primary care · 2025Pooled it
- Eliciting parents' decision-making to antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections: A discrete choice experiment.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of decision support tools on reducing antibiotic use for respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Public perceptions on antibiotic use and resistance: a social media-based multicountry survey during WAAW 2022.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Identifying Distinct Antibiotic Behavioural Profiles in Singapore's General Population: A Latent Class Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimising perioperative antimicrobial stewardship for Class I incisions: a clinical pharmacist-led multidisciplinary intervention and outcomes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Determinants of prescribing behaviour of antibacterial drugs in Europe and use of appropriate nomenclature in the literature.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Physician Feedback Reduces Antibiotic Prescribing for Uncomplicated Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in the Emergency Department.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- The public's irrational use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections: a cross-sectional study based on the health belief model.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- The 2023 Garrod Lecture: Antimicrobial use and stewardship in primary care: what works, and what next?The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Antibiotic-perturbed microbiota and the role of probiotics.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis - update from 2017 to 2023.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Sales in Pharmacies in Medellín, Colombia 2023.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The impacts of knowledge and attitude on behavior of antibiotic use for the common cold among the public and identifying the critical behavioral stage: based on an expanding KAP model.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study among Students in Israel.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The public's antibiotic use behavioural patterns and their determinants for upper respiratory tract infections: a latent class analysis based on consumer behaviour model in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The public's irrational use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is prevalent worldwide. This study aims to synthesize evidence on how people use antibiotics to treat URTIs, its prevalence and determinants. Methods: A mixed methods systematic review was conducted using a convergent segregated approach. Relevant studies were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. A qualitative analysis was initiated, exploring the public's antibiotic use experience for URTIS based on the Consumer Behavior Model (CBM). This was followed by a quantitative synthesis, tapping into the prevalence and predictors of public behavior in antibiotic usage for URTIs. The segregated syntheses complemented each other and were further integrated. Results: A total of 86 studies were included: 48 quantitative, 30 qualitative, eight mixed methods studies. The included studies were conducted in Europe ( Conclusion: Systemic interventions concerning both supply and demand sides are warranted. The public needs to be educated about the appropriate management of URTIs and health care providers need to re-shape public attitudes toward antibiotic use for URTIs through communication and prescribing practices. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD42021266407.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.