ArticleNeurotrauma reports2022
Blood-Based Biomarkers of Repetitive, Subconcussive Blast Overpressure Exposure in the Training Environment: A Pilot Study.
Article in Neurotrauma reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury as a Risk Factor for (Cerebro)vascular Disorder: Clinical Manifestations, Blast Physics, Biomechanics, Pathobiology, and Critical Gaps.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Integrated Blood Biomarker and Neurobehavioural Signatures of Latent Neuroinjury in Experienced Military Breachers Exposed to Repetitive Low-Intensity Blast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Restoring brain barriers: an innovative approach for treating neurological disorders.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Repetitive Low-Level Blast Exposure Alters Circulating Myeloperoxidase, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Neurovascular Endothelial Molecules in Experienced Military Breachers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Short- and long-term changes in neurological, behavioural, and blood biomarkers following repeated mild traumatic brain injury in rats-potential biological sex-dependent effects.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Impact of prior exposures on biomarkers of blast during military tactical training.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Circulating Brain-Reactive Autoantibody Profiles in Military Breachers Exposed to Repetitive Occupational Blast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Neurovascular Unit as a Locus of Injury in Low-Level Blast-Induced Neurotrauma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Repetitive subconcussion results in disrupted neural activity independent of concussion history.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Maximizing the Clinical Value of Blood-Based Biomarkers for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Three dimensional evaluation of cerebrovascular density and branching in chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Double Blast Wave Primary Effect on Synaptic, Glymphatic, Myelin, Neuronal and Neurovascular Markers.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Differential effects on TDP-43, piezo-2, tight-junction proteins in various brain regions following repetitive low-intensity blast overpressure.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Dynamic monitoring of service members to quantify blast exposure levels during combat training using BlackBox Biometrics Blast Gauges: explosive breaching, shoulder-fired weapons, artillery, mortars, and 0.50 caliber guns.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Because of their unknown long-term effects, repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including the low, subconcussive ones, represent a specific challenge to healthcare systems. It has been hypothesized that they can have a cumulative effect, and they may cause molecular changes that can lead to chronic degenerative processes. Military personnel are especially vulnerable to consequences of subconcussive TBIs because their training involves repeated exposures to mild explosive blasts. In this pilot study, we collected blood samples at baseline, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 2 weeks, and 3 months after heavy weapons training from students and instructors who were exposed to repeated subconcussive blasts. Samples were analyzed using the reverse and forward phase protein microarray platforms. We detected elevated serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7), occludin (OCLN), claudin-5 (CLDN5), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), and intereukin-6 (IL-6). Importantly, serum levels of most of the tested protein biomarkers were the highest at 3 months after exposures. We also detected elevated autoantibody titers of proteins related to vascular and neuroglia-specific proteins at 3 months after exposures as compared to baseline levels. These findings suggest that repeated exposures to subconcussive blasts can induce molecular changes indicating not only neuron and glia damage, but also vascular changes and inflammation that are detectable for at least 3 months after exposures whereas elevated titers of autoantibodies against vascular and neuroglia-specific proteins can indicate an autoimmune process.
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Registered trials
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