ArticleNursing open2023
Reliability of pictorial Longshi Scale for informal caregivers to evaluate the functional independence and disability.
Article in Nursing open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender Difference in Satisfaction with Nursing Home Services Among Disabled Elderly Inpatients Across Disease Categories: A Multi-Center Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Determining optimal Barthel Index cutoff scores for predicting Longshi Scale grades across age groups in stroke patients.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness in stroke patients with different activities of daily living levels: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reliability and validity of a graphical computerized adaptive test Longshi scale for rapid assessment of activities of daily living in stroke survivors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reliability of pictorial Longshi Scale for informal caregivers to evaluate the functional independence and disability.Nursing open · 2023Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
aimThe pictorial Longshi Scale was designed to assess patients' functional ability in the Chinese context, which is gradually used by some informal caregivers. However, its reliability compared with healthcare professionals has not been examined.
designA multi-centre cross-sectional study conducted in 24 Chinese hospitals.
methodsWe recruited patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment and informal caregiver dyads. Informal caregivers and healthcare professionals evaluated patients' functional ability using the Longshi Scale according to three levels (bedridden, domestic and community). The Kappa coefficient and McNemar-Bowker test were used to examine the consistency and accuracy between the two parallel assessments.
resultsThis study involved 947 patients (mean age: 46.07 ± 11.72 years) and informal caregiver dyads (64.86 ± 12.94 years). Most patients were males (66.3%), while most caregivers were females (60.7%). Over 70% of patients and caregiver dyads had a secondary-school education and lower. Around 90% of caregivers were relatives (spouse, 42.8%; offspring, 20.7%; siblings: 13.3%; parent, 12.0%) of patients. The agreement in sub-levels of the Longshi Scale between caregivers and healthcare professionals ranges from 73%-89%, and the corresponding Kappa coefficients range from 0.504-0.786. Caregivers were more likely to assign fewer patients to the bedridden group and more to the domestic group than healthcare professionals. The subgroup analysis by education level indicated that the difference in assigning patients into three degrees of functional disability was only significant in those with primary-school education, while non-significant in those with secondary-school education and higher.
conclusionThe evaluation outcomes of functional ability using the Longshi Scale are similar between informal caregivers and healthcare professionals. However, informal caregivers' education level is a dominant factor in affecting the assessment accuracy compared with healthcare professionals. Informal caregivers with a secondary-school education and higher are supported to evaluate patients' functional ability independently.
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