ArticleScientific reports2022
The sleep EEG envelope is a novel, neuronal firing-based human biomarker.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex differences in electrical activity of the brain during sleep: a systematic review of electroencephalographic findings across the human lifespan.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Pooled it
- Sleep architecture differences and predictive markers of sleep perception impairment in depression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Differences in sleep spindles and polysomnography in humans: a meta-analysis on the influence of age, sex, and cognitive ability.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Review
- Mind Wandering during Implicit Learning Is Associated with Increased Periodic EEG Activity and Improved Extraction of Hidden Probabilistic Patterns.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Comparing Manual and Automatic Artifact Detection in Sleep EEG Recordings.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Compensatory mechanisms of reduced interhemispheric EEG connectivity during sleep in patients with apnea.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep EEG reflects voltage differences relative to a reference, while its spectrum reflects its composition of various frequencies. In contrast, the envelope of the sleep EEG reflects the instantaneous amplitude of oscillations, while its spectrum reflects the rhythmicity of the occurrence of these oscillations. The sleep EEG spectrum is known to relate to demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics, but the envelope spectrum has been rarely studied. In study 1, we demonstrate in human invasive data from cortex-penetrating microelectrodes and subdural grids that the sleep EEG envelope spectrum reflects neuronal firing. In study 2, we demonstrate that the scalp EEG envelope spectrum is stable within individuals. A multivariate learning algorithm could predict age (r = 0.6) and sex (r = 0.5) from the EEG envelope spectrum. With age, oscillations shifted from a 4-5 s rhythm to faster rhythms. Our results demonstrate that the sleep envelope spectrum is a promising biomarker of demographic and disease-related phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.