ArticleVaccine2023
Do the vaccinated perform less distancing, mask wearing and hand hygiene? A test of the risk compensation hypothesis in a representative sample during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Attitudes and Behaviors of Canadians Towards COVID-19 Prevention Measures According to Vaccination Status: A Multi-phase, Cross-sectional Sequential Observational Cohort Study from May 2021 to June 2022.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Patterns of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures in Armenia: results from a cross-sectional survey.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adolescents' perceptions of media messages and their preventive health behaviors: a longitudinal study.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Predictors of mask-wearing behavior in Armenia during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a nationwide survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Do some prefer to pay? Identifying bias against free COVID-19 tests.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Perception of interpersonal distance and social distancing before and during COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Enhancing the health and well-being of international students: insights from changes in their lifestyle post-COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Health Behaviours among Travellers Regarding Risk Compensation Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Taizhou, China.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "risk compensation hypothesis" holds that vaccinated individuals may be less motivated to protect themselves using other COVID-19 mitigation behaviors-e.g., masking, distancing and hand hygiene-given that they may perceive their infection risk to be lower. The current investigation provides an empirical test of the risk compensation hypothesis in the COVID-19 context using prospective data from the Canadian COVID-19 Experiences Survey (CCES). The survey comprised 1,958 unvaccinated and fully vaccinated individuals drawn from a representative sample, using quota sampling to ensure substantial representation of unvaccinated individuals. Two waves of data were collected 6 months apart. Findings revealed that vaccinated individuals performed COVID-19 mitigation behaviors significantly more frequently than their unvaccinated counterparts, and they also showed lower rates of attenuation as the pandemic continued. In summary, our findings do not support the risk compensation hypothesis; instead they support the notion that people adopt vaccination and other protective behaviors in parallel.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.