ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2022
Emigration as a social and economic determinant of health in low-income urban Zimbabwe.
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe negative consequences of medical professionals' emigration on the health systems of nations are well documented in the literature. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the impact of emigration in general, on sending households' welfare, health in particular. This study compared socio-economic characteristics, including health, of emigrants' households with those of non-emigrants' households in an urban setting in Harare, Zimbabwe.
methodsA cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Concurrent and retrospective data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The target population were households, both emigrants' households and non-emigrants' households, and the interviewees were de facto heads of the respective households.
resultsA sample of 279 households was determined; however, 268 heads of households, a response rate of 96%, were achieved. The majority of the respondents were females (52%). Emigrants' households were more likely to access private compared to government health care facilities, than non-emigrants' households [P = 0.001]. Emigrants' households were also more likely to report higher incomes than non-emigrants' households [P < 0.05] and were having more meals per day and better access to education. Emigrants' households were also more likely to report positive lifestyles than non-emigrants' households. Only 13.8% of emigrants' households reported a negative shift in lifestyle, compared to 25.2% non-emigrants' households.
conclusionsEmigration was found to have a positive relationship with health seeking, income, education, and number of meals a household had. It is clear from the findings that emigration during the hard economic times in Zimbabwe is beneficial; it cushions households from the ravages of poverty. Yet emigration robs the nation of its professional able-bodied people. It is, therefore, recommended that the government optimises the reported positive effects, whilst expeditiously working on improving the economy with the view of reversing the observed migration streams.
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