ArticleScientific reports2022
A systematic investigation reveals that Ishihara et al.'s (2008) STEARC effect only emerges when time is directly assessed.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changing speed along the mental line: A SNARC-like effect for visual acceleration.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Spatial associations for slow musical tempos are revealed by increased stimulus density.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Explicit and implicit spatial mapping of face age.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Spatial response-code association for loudness but not brightness.Perception · 2025Article
- A SNARC-like effect for visual speed.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Dichotomous horizontal representation of acute deterioration risk on illnesses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- It's SNARC o' clock: manipulating the salience of the context in a conceptual replication of Bächtold et al.'s (1998) clockface study.Psychological research · 2024Article
- Article
- Temporal speed prevails on interval duration in the SNARC-like effect for tempo.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Microbiota-associated mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in hypertension.Microbiota and host · 2023Article
- A pilot study of how the past, present, and future are represented in three-dimensional space.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
The Spatial-TEmporal Association of Response Codes (STEARC) effect (Ishihara et al. in Cortex 44:454-461, 2008) is evidence that time is spatially coded along the horizontal axis. It consists in faster left-hand responses to early onset timing and faster right-hand responses to late onset timing. This effect has only been established using tasks that directly required to assess onset timing, while no studies investigated whether this association occurs automatically in the auditory modality. The current study investigated the occurrence of the STEARC effect by using a procedure similar to Ishihara and colleagues. Experiment 1 was a conceptual replication of the original study, in which participants directly discriminated the onset timing (early vs. late) of a target sound after listening to a sequence of auditory clicks. This experiment successfully replicated the STEARC effect and revealed that the onset timing is mapped categorically. In Experiments 2, 3a and 3b participants were asked to discriminate the timbre of the stimuli instead of directly assessing the onset timing. In these experiments, no STEARC effect was observed. This suggests that the auditory STEARC effect is only elicited when time is explicitly processed, thus questioning the automaticity of this phenomenon.
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