ArticleBiology of sex differences2022
Sex and age differences in the association of fatty liver index-defined non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fasting insulin to HDL-C ratio is correlated with MASLD severity in Chinese overweight/obesity: a cross-sectional analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- The regulation of intrahepatic fatty acid partitioning within the human liver: the effect of sex.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- From Childhood to Old Age: Current Knowledge and Practical Approaches to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Digital divide and healthcare service utilization among older adults with chronic liver disease in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Metabolically Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Urban Adults.Juntendo medical journal · 2026Article
- Fatty liver index in early pregnancy predicts the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Higher afamin concentrations are associated with higher fatty liver indices: Population-based KORA F4/FF4 study.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Time trends and health inequalities of cirrhosis caused by metabolic Dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease from 1990 to 2021: A global burden of disease study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Association of cardiometabolic index with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Iranian adults of the amol cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Sex-Stratified Prediction Models for 5-Year Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Risk in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Patients with MASLD and Their Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Insights from the Polish Gallstone Surgery Registry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Metabolic and hepatic biomarkers associated with MASLD in the Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Sex differences in predicting dyslipidemia using polygenic risk score with fatty liver index and fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis index.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk factor analysis and predictive model construction of lean MAFLD: a cross-sectional study of a health check-up population in China.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Sex-specific associations of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with cardiovascular outcomes.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of Fatty Liver Index (FLI) for detecting Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in adults attending a tertiary care hospital, a cross-sectional study.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2024Article
- Decoding the fatty liver-hyperuricemia link in the obese and nonobese hypertensive patients: insights from a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Fatty Liver Index (FLI) is the best score to predict MASLD with 50% lower cut-off value in women than in men.Biology of sex differences · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the extensive scientific evidence accumulating on the epidemiological risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), evidence exploring sex- and age-related differences remains insufficient. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate possible sex differences in the prevalence of FLI-defined NAFLD as well as in its association with common risk factors across different age groups, in a large sample of Spanish working adults.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included data from 33,216 Spanish adult workers (18-65 years) randomly selected during voluntary routine occupational medical examinations. Sociodemographic characteristics (age and social class), anthropometric (height, weight, and waist circumference) and clinical parameters (blood pressure and serum parameters) were collected. NAFLD was determined by the validated fatty liver index (FLI) with a cut-off value of ≥ 60. The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was assessed according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Cardiovascular risk was determined using the REGICOR-Framingham equation. The association between FLI-defined NAFLD and risk factors by sex and age was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression.
resultsThe prevalence of FLI-defined NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) was 19.1% overall, 27.9% (95% CI 23.3-28.5%) for men and 6.8% (95% CI 6.4-7.3%) for women and increasing across age intervals. As compared to women, men presented worse cardiometabolic and anthropometric profiles. The multivariate analysis model showed that hepatic steatosis assessed by FLI was strongly associated with age, HDL-cholesterol, social class, prediabetes, diabetes, prehypertension, hypertension, and smoking status for both men and women. The association between diabetes and hypertension with FLI-defined NAFLD was stronger in women than in men at both univariate and multivariate analyses.
conclusionsMen presented a higher prevalence of NAFLD than women across all age intervals, as well as a worse cardiometabolic profile and a higher cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and diabetes or hypertension was significantly stronger in women than in men, possibly indicating that the presence of a dysmetabolic state might affect women more than men with regard to liver outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.