ArticleBMC psychiatry2022
Relationship of serum homocysteine and vitamin D with positive, negative, and extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenia: a case-control study in Iran.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor in Schizophrenia a Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Higher peripheral blood homocysteine levels are associated with schizophrenia: evidence from a case-control study and a meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Vitamin BDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic schizophrenia: prevalence, clinical correlates, and paradoxical associations with symptom severity.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Adequacy Conditions the Prolactin-Suppressive Effect of Metformin in Men Receiving Prolactin-Elevating Medications.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between patients with multiple chemical sensitivity and healthy controls: A case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Elevated serum IL-17 A and CCL20 levels as potential biomarkers in major psychotic disorders: a case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association between vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia is a devastating condition characterized by frequent recurrences, cognitive decline, and emotional and functional disabilities. This condition includes positive and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments resistant to drug treatment. According to studies, many biomarkers can affect this disorder. However, there is little information about vitamin D and homocysteine levels in patients with disease complications. We aimed to investigate this relationship in schizophrenia.
methodIn this case-control study, 33 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy individuals were enrolled from Golestan, the north of Iran, in 2021. Blood samples were taken from all participants to assess vitamin D and homocysteine serum levels. In addition, schizophrenic patients completed the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Side Effects Scale (SAS). Data analysis was performed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 16 software.
resultsOf the 66 participants, 66.7% had vitamin D deficiency, and 71.2% had normal homocysteine levels. However, the serum level of vitamin D was lower in schizophrenic patients than in controls (p = 0.035), and serum homocysteine levels were higher in the schizophrenic group than in controls (p < 0.001). Vitamin D levels in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated with the overall assessment of extrapyramidal symptoms (r = 0.35, p = 0.04). However, no significant relationship existed between vitamin D and homocysteine levels and PANSS results (p > 0.05).
conclusionSerum levels of vitamin D and homocysteine were significantly lower and higher in schizophrenic patients than in the control group. Improvement of extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenic patients had a direct and significant relationship with serum vitamin D.
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