ArticleInternational journal of cardiology2023
NOX2 and NOX5 are increased in cardiac microvascular endothelium of deceased COVID-19 patients.
Article in International journal of cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- NADPH oxidases in immunometabolism and disease pathology: mechanistic networks, pollutant triggers, and therapeutic frontiers.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- From Defense to Disease: NADPH Oxidase in Cellular Function and Dysregulation.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Endothelial Reactive Oxygen Species: Key Players in Cardiovascular Health and Disease.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of human pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular cells reveals smooth muscle cells as key mediators of vascular pathology during infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Clinical Implications of COVID-19-Related Endothelial Dysfunction.JACC. Advances · 2024Review
- Cardiac SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Involvement of Cytokines in Postmortem Immunohistochemical Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Cross-Talk of NADPH Oxidases and Inflammation in Obesity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- COVID-19 Causes Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiac injury and inflammation are common findings in COVID-19 patients. Autopsy studies have revealed cardiac microvascular endothelial damage and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, indicative of microvascular dysfunction in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role. We explored whether the ROS producing proteins NOX2, NOX4 and NOX5 are involved in COVID-19-induced cardio-microvascular endothelial dysfunction.
methodsHeart tissue were taken from the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricle of COVID-19 patients (n = 15) and the LV of controls (n = 14) at autopsy. The NOX2-, NOX4-, NOX5- and Nitrotyrosine (NT)-positive intramyocardial blood vessels fractions were quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry.
resultsThe LV NOX2+, NOX5+ and NT+ blood vessels fractions in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than in controls. The fraction of NOX4+ blood vessels in COVID-19 patients was comparable with controls. In COVID-19 patients, the fractions of NOX2+, NOX5+ and NT+ vessels did not differ significantly between the LV and RV, and correlated positively between LV and RV in case of NOX5 (r = 0.710; p = 0.006). A negative correlation between NOX5 and NOX2 (r = -0.591; p = 0.029) and between NOX5 and disease time (r = -0.576; p = 0.034) was noted in the LV of COVID-19 patients.
conclusionWe show the induction of NOX2 and NOX5 in the cardiac microvascular endothelium in COVID-19 patients, which may contribute to the previously observed cardio-microvascular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. The exact roles of these NOXes in pathogenesis of COVID-19 however remain to be elucidated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.