ArticleGlobal health, science and practice2022
Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters.
Article in Global health, science and practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and determinants of modern contraception use among persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Pooled it
- Pathways to care and service preferences, and experiences of women who self-manage abortion through community pharmacies in two counties of Kenya.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Bayesian probabilistic projections of proportions with limited data: An application to subnational contraceptive method supply shares.PloS one · 2026Article
- Modern Contraceptive Use Among Young Women in Kampala Slums: Research Findings from the TOPOWA Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The impact of investing in private clinics and pharmacies on modern contraceptive uptake: an agent-based model of a segmented market.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Association between women's empowerment and use of modern contraception methods in Bangladesh: evidence from Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2022.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities in modern contraceptive use among women in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Contraceptive Method Use and Return of Fecundity Among Women Attempting Pregnancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Demography · 2023Article
- Contracting retail pharmacies as a source of essential medicines for public sector clients in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of key considerations, challenges, and opportunities.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Contraceptive use and discontinuation among women aged 15-24 years in Kenya.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Reproductive outcomes following contraceptive discontinuation for method-related reasons: An analysis of 49 Demographic and Health Surveys.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Intrauterine Device Use and Perceptions Among Women in Tanzania-A Mixed Methods Study.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We examined where women access modern contraceptives, using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from 36 low- and middle-income countries and disaggregating results by contraceptive method, age, marital status, residence, socioeconomic status, and country income. We used bivariate and multivariate regression analysis to assess how demographic factors are associated with contraceptive source. In pooled analysis across countries analyzed, we found that 34% of users rely on private sources, 63% use public sources, and 3% use other sources. Among private sector users, 41% use pharmacies or drug shops, 11% general shops or markets, 36% private hospitals and clinics, and 12% nongovernmental or faith-based organizations. This analysis demonstrates the importance of the private sector for specific population segments including women in the wealthiest population quintile (odds ratio [OR]: 4.09,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.