SynthesisForensic science, medicine, and pathology2023
Vitality markers in forensic investigations: a literature review.
Synthesis in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Histological and Immunohistochemical Evidence in Hypothermia-Related Death: An Experimental Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges in Traumatic Brain Injury from a Forensic Perspective.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Challenges in Uncommon Firearm Injury Cases: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The time-dependent expression of FPR2 and ANXA1 in murine deep vein thrombosis model and its relation to thrombus age.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human skin within 1 hour after injury through immunohistochemical staining: a pilot study.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Neurobiology and medico-legal aspects of suicides among older adults: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- An Overview on the Use of miRNAs as Possible Forensic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Systematic Review of Penetrating Cardiac Injury by a Firearm: Forensic Implications.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Determining whether an injury was sustained in life or not is one of the most important topics in forensic medicine. Morphological, cytological, and biological techniques are used to assess wound vitality. Several markers involved in vital and supravital reactions increase the accuracy of wound age estimation. This systematic review aimed to investigate the main vitality markers used in forensic medicine to date. This review was conducted by performing a systematic literature search on online resources (PubMed Central database and Google Scholar) until May 2022. We identified 46 articles published between 1987 and May 2022, analyzing a total of 53 markers. Based on the data of this review, the most studied vitality markers were adhesion molecules (fibronectin, p-selectin, CD 15), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), cathepsin D, tryptase, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The most interesting studies were based on animal models: the different markers were investigated through immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR methods. The experimental methods were usually based on skin incisions, ligature marks, and burned skin areas. To date, it has not been possible to identify any gold standard markers based on the criteria of efficacy, specificity, and reliability; however, studies are still in progress. In the future, the use of miRNAs is promising as well as the combination of multiple markers. In this way, it will be possible to increase the sensitivity and specificity to validate systems or models for determining wound vitality in forensic practice.
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