ArticlePsychopharmacology2022
Reducing short- and long-term cocaine craving with voluntary exercise in male rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exercise as a Neurobiological Intervention: Utilizing NAc Circuitry to Combat Addiction.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- The impact of sex, species, environmental context, and alternative reinforcers in animal models of cocaine use disorders.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Review
- Aged mice exhibit faster acquisition of intravenous opioid self-administration with variable effects on intake.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Influence of reconsolidation in maintenance of cocaine-associated contextual memories formed during adolescence or adulthood.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Abstract
backgroundIn a previous study in female rats, voluntary wheel running attenuated incubation of cocaine craving after 30 but not 3 days (Zlebnik and Carroll Zlebnik and Carroll, Psychopharmacology 232:3507-3413, 2015). The present study in male rats, using the same procedure, showed that wheel running reduced incubated craving after both 30 and 3 days of abstinence.
methodsMale rats self-administered i.v. cocaine (0.4 mg/kg) during 6-h sessions for 10 days. They were then moved from the operant chamber to a home cage with an attached running wheel or stationary wheel, for 6 h daily for a 3- or 30-day period when cocaine craving was hypothesized to incubate. Rats were then returned to the operant chamber for a 30-min test of cocaine seeking, or "craving," indicated by responses on the former "drug" lever was formerly associated with drug stimulus lights and responses (vs. no drug stimuli), and lever responding was compared to responses on the "inactive" that was illuminated and counted lever pressing.
resultsMean wheel revolutions were similar across the 3- and 30-day incubation groups, when both groups of rats were given access to wheel running vs. access to a stationary wheel in controls. Subsequently, when rats were tested in the operant chamber for "relapse" responding (drug-lever responding) on the lever formerly associated with drug access, cocaine craving was reduced by recent running wheel access (vs. stationary wheel access) in both the 3- and 30-day wheel exposure groups.
conclusionVoluntary, self-initiated, and self-sustained physical exercise reduced cocaine craving after short- (3 days) and long-term (30 days) abstinence periods in male rats that previously self-administered cocaine. This was contrasted with reduction of cocaine seeking in females after 30-day, but not 3-day, incubation periods under the wheel running vs. stationary wheel conditions in a previous study (Zlebnik and Carroll Zlebnik and Carroll, Psychopharmacology 232:3507-3413, 2015). These initial findings suggest males may be more sensitive to incubated craving for cocaine than females.
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