ArticleJournal of travel medicine2022
Rapid spread of a new West Nile virus lineage 1 associated with increased risk of neuroinvasive disease during a large outbreak in northern Italy, 2022: One Health analysis.
Article in Journal of travel medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computational approaches for flavivirus drug discovery: targeting structural and non-structural proteins.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Meteorological and land-use determinants of Culex pipiens s.l. spatio-temporal dynamics in Northern Italy.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Prophage-mediated lysogenic conversion drives virulence evolution and genomic plasticity inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus: Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Prophylaxis with a Comparative Insight from Italy and Iran.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Serum levels of neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein correlate with disease severity in patients with West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- First report of West Nile virus infections in horses in Tunisia from 2018 to 2023.Virology journal · 2025Article
- West Nile virus vaccine candidates attenuated by dinucleotide enrichment are immunogenic and protective against lethal infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Extrapolation and comparison of West Nile virus- and Usutu virus-associated neurological diseases in humans: linking pathology to clinical symptoms.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Reprogramming of liver metabolism during West Nile virus infection unveils novel aspects of disease pathophysiology.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Integrated One Health Surveillance of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy, from 2022 to 2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficient Detection of West Nile Virus in Urine Specimens by a Novel In-House RT-qPCR Detection Kit.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- Mono-WNV and combined WNV/TBEV inactivated vaccine efficacy against a wide range of WNV and TBEV strains.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Origin and evolution of West Nile virus lineage 1 in Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Advancing West Nile virus monitoring through whole genome sequencing: Insights from a One Health genomic surveillance study in Romagna (Italy).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Molecular Xenomonitoring (MX) allows real-time surveillance of West Nile and Usutu virus in mosquito populations.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- In vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel West Nile virus lineage 2 strain.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Continuous and Dynamic Circulation of West Nile Virus in Mosquito Populations in Bucharest Area, Romania, 2017-2023.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Arbovirus screening of mosquitoes collected in 2022 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, with the implementation of a real-time PCR for the detection of Tahyna virus.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
25 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA new strain of WNV lineage 1 (WNV - 1) emerged in the Veneto Region, northern Italy, in 2021, eight years after the last outbreak of WNV - 1 in Italy. The virus, which co-circulates with WNV-2, has become endemic in the Region, where, in 2022, most human cases of neuroinvasive disease (WNND) reported in Europe have occurred.
methodsComparative analysis of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of WNV-1 and WNV-2 infection in humans, as well as the temporal and geographic distribution of WNV-1 and WNV-2 among wild birds and Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Veneto, from May 16th to August 21st, 2022, to determine if the high number of WNND cases was associated with WNV-1.
resultsAs of August 21st, 2022, 222 human cases of WNV infection were confirmed by molecular testing, including 103 with fever (WNF) and 119 with WNND. WNV lineage was determined in 201 (90.5%) cases, comprising 138 WNV-1 and 63 WNV-2 infections. During the same period, 35 blood donors tested positive, including 30 in whom WNV lineage was determined (13 WNV-1 and 17 WNV-2). Comparative analysis of the distribution of WNV-1 and WNV-2 infections among WNND cases, WNF cases and WNV-positive blood donors showed that patients with WNND were more likely to have WNV-1 infection than blood donors (odds ratio 3.44; 95% CI 95% 1.54 to 8.24; p = 0.0043). As observed in humans, in wild birds WNV-1 had higher infectious rate (IR) and showed a more rapid expansion than WNV-2. At variance, the distribution of the two lineages was more even in mosquitoes, but with a trend of rapid increase of WNV-1 IR over WNV-2.
conclusionsComparative analysis of WNV-1 vs WNV-2 infection in humans, wild birds, and mosquitos showed a rapid expansion of WNV-1 and suggested that WNV-1 infected patients might have an increased risk to develop severe disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.