SynthesisFrontiers in public health2022
Meta-analysis of public health risks of lead accumulation in wastewater, irrigated soil, and crops nexus.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lead contamination fixation through COScientific reports · 2026Article
- Ornamental Phytoremediation in Cities: Context-Dependent Roles in Managing Potentially Toxic Elements.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Edible Tissues of Guinea Pigs Raised in the Central Andes of Peru: Potential Human Health Risk?Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Multi-compartmental risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil, plants, and wastewater: A model from Industrial Gazipur, Bangladesh.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lead (Pb) from different sources accumulate in the irrigation water, irrigated soil and in different parts of plants. Reports show contradictory findings and high variability of lead accumulation and associated public health risks. We hypothesized that lead accumulation in irrigation water, soil and edible plants is high enough to be a public health risk. By using the standard procedures for meta-analysis, 24 studies were qualified. The studies included in the meta-analysis are concentrated in few countries with strong authors' key words co-occurrence relationship. The mean concentration of Pb in the irrigation wastewater ranged from 0.0196 ± 0.01 mg/l to 52.4 ± 0.02 mg/l in wastewater and about 50% of the values are beyond the limits for irrigation water standard. The study also showed that the concentration of Pb in the irrigated soil vary significantly from a minimum of 0.04 ± 2.3 mg/l in Ethiopia to a maximum of 441 ± 19.8 mg/l in Iran (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.