ReviewCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2022
The frozen elephant trunk procedure: indications, outcomes and future directions.
Review in Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contemporary Management of the Aortic Arch: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Frozen elephant trunk: a narrative review of global and temporal trends.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Computational fluid dynamics analysis for enlargement of the descending aorta after frozen elephant trunk implantation.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Aortic Arch and Frozen Elephant Trunk Surgery: Anesthetic Challenges and Strategies for Organ Protection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Concomitant Aortic Root Replacement in Total Arch Replacement With Frozen Elephant Trunk for Type A Aortic Dissection: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2026Article
- Neurological complications post aortic arch surgery: a state of art review.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Review
- Design, benefits, and use of a hybrid aortic arch stent graft.JTCVS open · 2025Article
- From back table innovation to contemporary application: a review of the frozen elephant trunk technique.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Review
- Mid-to-long-term outcomes of the frozen elephant trunk procedure in aortic pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Early and 3-Year Outcomes of Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure with Evolving E-vita Hybrid Grafts: A Retrospective Single-Centre Cohort Study over 11 Years.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Thrombotic complications after aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk stent-graft: A 10-year United Kingdom institutional experience.JTCVS open · 2025Article
- Non-Trileaflet Aortic Valve Aortopathies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Frozen elephant trunk: evolving techniques, persistent challenges, and the endovascular shift.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Hybrid Aortic Arch Replacement with Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) Technique: Surgical Considerations, Pearls, and Pitfalls.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure-8 Years of Experience from Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term outcomes of frozen elephant trunk for aortic dissection: a single-center experience.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Three-Dimensional-Evaluation of Aortic Changes after Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) in Zone 0 vs. Zone 2 in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent: A One-Fits-All Strategy for the Treatment of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Total arch replacement using frozen elephant trunk and repair of bilateral subclavian artery aneurysms in a patient with type 2 Loeys-Dietz syndrome.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2023Article
- The Thoraflex hybrid approach using a zone 0 proximal landing site for first-stage elective treatment of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm.Journal of surgical case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The treatment of complex multi-segment disease concomitantly affecting the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta is technically challenging. Until the 1990s, such extensive pathology was addressed by median sternotomy for aortic arch replacement followed by a traumatic thoraco-abdominal incision for reconstruction of the descending aorta as a single- or two-stage procedure. The advent of the conventional elephant trunk procedure by Borst in 1983 simplified the second-stage of this procedure by eliminating the need for clamping of the descending thoracic aorta. However, graft-related complications and the considerable inter-stage mortality were significant limitations associated with the conventional elephant trunk procedure. The emergence of endovascular technology and availability of dedicated arch prostheses culminated in a major paradigm change with the introduction of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) concept by Kato and colleagues in the mid-1990s. This one-stage procedure permits concurrent total aortic arch replacement with antegrade delivery of a descending aortic stent-graft which itself functions as a proximal landing zone to facilitate prospective endovascular intervention to treat residual or
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