ArticleJournal of medical virology2023
Bovine lactoferrin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 by targeting the RdRp complex and alleviates viral infection in the hamster model.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lactoferrin blocks orthopoxvirus entry via heparan sulphate and regulates host antiviral pathways.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- In vivo Assessment of the Potential Protective Effects of Traditional Kumis Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Transgenic Mouse Model.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- A Double-Edged Sword: Extracellular Serine Proteases as Facilitators of Infection and Mediators of Immunity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bovine Lactoferrin Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Attachment Through Blockade of Glycoprotein C-Heparan Sulfate Interaction.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- The Multifaceted Functions of Lactoferrin in Antimicrobial Defense and Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- In vitro efficacy of bovine lactoferrin against bovine viral diarrhea virus.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- The potential mechanisms and material basis of Fuzheng Jiedu decoction broad-spectrum inhibiting coronaviruses.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Advancements in the Development of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Lactoferrin Binds through Its N-Terminus to the Receptor-Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cold atmospheric plasma can effectively disinfect SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory effect of bovine lactoferrin during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The potential of lactoferrin as antiviral and immune-modulating agent in viral infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Green synthesis, characterization, anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry, and replication of lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles with halting lung fibrosis induced in adult male albino rats.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Application of the Nicoya OpenSPR to Studies of Biomolecular Binding: A Review of the Literature from 2016 to 2022.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Liposomal Lactoferrin Exerts Antiviral Activity against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 Pseudoviruses In Vitro.Viruses · 2023Article
- Time to Kill and Time to Heal: The Multifaceted Role of Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin in Host Defense.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk has been found to inhibit coronavirus infection, while the key components and mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the components that contribute to the antiviral effects of breastmilk and explore their potential mechanism. Lactoferrin (Lf) and milk fat globule membrane inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronavirus GX_P2V and transcription- and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in vitro and block viral entry into cells. We confirmed that bovine Lf (bLf) blocked the binding between human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by combining receptor-binding domain (RBD). Importantly, bLf inhibited RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity of both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in vitro in the nanomolar range. So far, no biological macromolecules have been reported to inhibit coronavirus RdRp. Our result indicated that bLf plays a major role in inhibiting viral replication. bLf treatment reduced viral load in lungs and tracheae and alleviated pathological damage. Our study provides evidence that bLf prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection by combining SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and inhibiting coronaviruses' RdRp activity, and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.
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