ArticleScientific reports2022
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels are associated with disease activity and possible complications in membranous nephropathy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Mice with a Human Immune System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Urinary macrophage migration inhibitory factor predicts kidney failure in advanced CKD patients.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innate immune cells in acute and chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Elevated SLC1A5 links to inflamed endothelial cells and proteinuria in membranous nephropathy patients.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting of oxidized Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (oxMIF) with antibody ON104 attenuates the severity of glomerulonephritis.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complementary components in the epithelium of the glomerular capillary wall. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator released by macrophages. MIF plays a key regulatory function in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. This study aimed to investigate whether MIF level could be associated with the activity of MN. Plasma and urine samples from 57 MN patients and 20 healthy controls were collected. The MIF levels in plasma and urine were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The expression of MIF in the renal specimens from 5 MN patients was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The associations of the plasma and urinary levels of MIF and glomerular MIF expression with clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. It was revealed that with the increase of MIF levels in plasma and urine, the severity of renal pathological injury in MN patients gradually increased. Correlation analysis showed that the MIF levels in plasma were positively correlated with the platelet (PLT) count (r = 0.302, P = 0.022), and inversely correlated with the prothrombin time (PT) (r = - 0.292, P = 0.028) in MN patients. The MIF levels in plasma were positively correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = 0.651, P < 0.0001; r = 0.669, P < 0.0001) in MN patients. The urinary levels of MIF were positively correlated with ESR (r = 0.562, P < 0.0001). IHC suggested that MIF was expressed in glomerular basement membrane and tubulointerstitial areas. MIF levels in plasma and urine could reflect the severity of MN, and MIF levels in plasma and urine could be associated with venous thrombosis and infectious complications in MN patients. The glomerular MIF expression could be used to indicate the activity of MN.
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