ArticlePloS one2022
Depression and anxiety symptoms among Arab/Middle Eastern American college students: Modifying roles of religiosity and discrimination.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends on depression-related stigma in the 21st century: a bibliometric analysis.Global health action · 2026Review
- Minoritized and Poorly Understood: A Scoping Review of Mental and Physical Health Among Arab Adolescents in Canada and the United States.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Associations between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity levels, and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study based on Tibetan university students at high altitude in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Psychometric properties of the Arabic translation of the Dark Future Scale questionnaire in a non-clinical sample of Arabic-speaking young adults.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- "There's a lot of conflict between your queer identity and also your Muslim or Arab identity;" A qualitative exploration of the intersectional minority stressors of U.S.-born Arab sexual minority cisgender men.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2024Article
- Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the shortest version of the Central Religiosity Scale (CRS-5) in a sample of young adults.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- The impact of problematic mobile phone use and the number of close friends on depression and anxiety symptoms among college students.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
introductionWe examine mental health outcomes in a national sample of Arab/Middle Eastern college students using the Healthy Minds Study (HMS) from 2015-2018 and assess the modifying roles of religion and discrimination.
methodsHMS is an annual web-based survey administered to random samples of undergraduate and graduate students at participating colleges and universities. A total of 2,494 Arab/Middle Eastern and 84,423 white students were included in our sample. Our primary outcomes of depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, respectively. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were fit for each outcome using an Arab ethnicity indicator. Effect modification by religiosity and discrimination was examined by adding an interaction term to the model.
resultsOdds of depression (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.57) and anxiety (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.60) were higher for Arab/Middle Eastern students than for white students. For Arab/Middle Eastern students, religiosity was a protective factor for both depression (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90) and anxiety (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97). Arab/Middle Eastern students who experienced discrimination had higher odds of depression (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.56) and anxiety (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) than those who had not. DISCUSSION: Arab/Middle Eastern American college students are a vulnerable subgroup on college campuses experiencing a high burden of depression and anxiety symptoms which are dampened by religiosity and amplified by discrimination.
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