ArticleClinical & translational immunology2022
Epstein-Barr virus infection, B-cell dysfunction and other risk factors converge in gut-associated lymphoid tissue to drive the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a hypothesis.
Article in Clinical & translational immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Changes in Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Virobiome-mediated regulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling and neuroimmune homeostasis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploring Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Potential Benefits, Associated Risks, and Challenges in Cancer Treatment.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization to unveil the association between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and allergic rhinitis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- The link between gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis from the perspective of barrier function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Life history of a brain autoreactive T cell: From thymus through intestine to blood-brain barrier and brain lesion.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- The Role of Gut-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Multiple Sclerosis.Neuromolecular medicine · 2024Review
- The Role of CXCR3 in Nervous System-Related Diseases.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Review
- Plasma IgG aggregates as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Proteomics reveal biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity and long-term disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis.Nature communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, B-cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and environmental and genetic risk factors, including female sex. A disease model incorporating all these factors remains elusive. Here, we hypothesise that EBV-infected memory B cells (MBCs) migrate to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) through EBV-induced expression of LPAM-1, where they are subsequently activated by gut microbes and/or their products resulting in EBV reactivation and compartmentalised anti-EBV immune responses. These responses involve marginal zone (MZ) B cells that activate CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.