ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
High iodine promotes autoimmune thyroid disease by activating hexokinase 3 and inducing polarization of macrophages towards M1.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Iodine and Its Impact on the Immune System of Humans and Domesticated Mammals: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Beyond levothyroxine: a narrative review of adjunctive management strategies for Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Gland surgery · 2026Review
- Article
- Intestinal metabolite TMAO promotes CKD progression by stimulating macrophage M2 polarization through histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- CITED2: a novel hub gene downregulated in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and associated with M1 macrophages via bioinformatics analysis and clinical validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to insulin resistance in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Biology and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Rank Aggregation Methods and Tools in Genomic Data Analysis.Current genomics · 2025Review
- Beyond thyroid dysfunction: the systemic impact of iodine excess.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Lactate and lactylation in macrophage metabolic reprogramming: current progress and outstanding issues.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Characterisation of macrophage infiltration and polarisation based on integrated transcriptomic and histological analyses in Primary Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the most common autoimmune disease, includes Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Currently, the pathogenesis of AITD is not fully understood. Our study aimed to examine the presence of macrophage polarization imbalance in AITD patients, to investigate whether high iodine can cause macrophage polarization imbalance, and to investigate the role of key genes of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization imbalance caused by high iodine. We synergistically used various research strategies such as systems biology, clinical studies, cell culture and mouse disease models. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that M1 macrophage hyperpolarization was involved in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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