ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2022
Disentangling Independent and Mediated Causal Relationships Between Blood Metabolites, Cognitive Factors, and Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of infrared moxibustion for patients with mild hyperlipidemia: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk's association with all-cause dementia through the plasma metabolome in the UK Biobank study.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Evaluating metabolome-wide causal effects on risk for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The role of immune cell phenotypes and metabolites in the risk of ischemic stroke: a Mendelian randomization-based mediation analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Mendelian Randomization of Blood Metabolites Suggests Circulating Glutamine Protects Against Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Educational attainment, structural brain reserve and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Education and cognition demonstrate consistent inverse associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological underpinnings, however, remain unclear. Blood metabolites reflect the end point of biological processes and are accessible and malleable. Identifying metabolites with etiological relevance to AD and disentangling how these relate to cognitive factors along the AD causal pathway could, therefore, offer unique insights into underlying causal mechanisms. Methods: Using data from the largest metabolomics genome-wide association study ( Results: Thirty-four metabolites were genetically associated with AD at Conclusions: Glutamine and free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins show protective causal effects on AD. Education and cognition also demonstrate protection, though education's effect is almost entirely mediated by cognition. These insights provide key pieces of the AD causal puzzle, important for informing future multimodal work and progressing toward effective intervention strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.