ArticleiScience2022
Cancer cell intrinsic TIM-3 induces glioblastoma progression.
Article in iScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A novel mitochondrial-related gene signature for assessing the tumor immune microenvironment and predicting prognosis in human glioma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Senescent cell clearance suppresses post-radiotherapy glioblastoma recurrence via the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint TIM-3 in tumor immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Interrogation of glioma immune microenvironment identifies a non-canonical role for microglial Galectin-9 in tumor cell adhesion and phagocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Glioportal: a comprehensive transcriptomic resource unveiling ligand-mediated mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Histone Lactylation-Driven Upregulation of VRK1 Expression Promotes Stemness and Proliferation of Glioma Stem Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Immune factors and their role in tumor aggressiveness in glioblastoma: Atypical cadherin FAT1 as a promising target for combating immune evasion.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals a preclinical model for the most common subtype of glioblastoma.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The Role of TIM-3 in Glioblastoma Progression.Cells · 2025Review
- Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- ALKBH5 acts a tumor-suppressive biomarker and is associated with immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recent Developments in Glioblastoma-On-A-Chip for Advanced Drug Screening Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoints in immune response to glioma: two sides of the same coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting glioma-associated microglia and macrophages: a new frontier in glioblastoma immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is identified to share common signal pathways between glioma and immune cells. Here, we find that T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein 3 (TIM-3) is one of the most common co-inhibitory immune checkpoints in GBM shared by tumor and non-tumor cells. Glioma cell-intrinsic TIM-3 is involved in not only regulating malignant behaviors of glioma cells but also inducing macrophage migration and transition to anti-inflammatory/pro-tumorigenic phenotype by a TIM-3/interleukin 6 (IL6) signal. In mechanism, as one of the major regulators of IL6, TIM-3 regulates its expression through activating NF-κB. Blocking this feedback loop by Tocilizumab, an IL6R inhibitor, inhibited the above effects and repressed the tumorigenicity of GBM
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.