Physiotherapy as part of primary health care, Italy.

Objective: To describe the Family and Community Physiotherapist model, which aims to incorporate rehabilitation services within primary health care in Tuscany, Italy. Methods: The Department of Health Professions of the Central Tuscany local health authority designed the model during 2020-2021. We describe the four phases of the organizational case study implementation of the model, namely: (i) analysis of the political and organizational framework, as well as determination of changing health-care needs; (ii) model co-design and training of multiprofessional health-care workers (local general practitioners, physiatrists and geriatricians); (iii) delivery and surveillance of rehabilitation services; and (iv) evaluation. Findings: During the initial roll-out of the project in April-December 2021, general practitioners referred 165 patients with a mean age of 83.7 years (standard deviation: 11.1) to the Family and Community Physiotherapist. Interventions were mainly activated for patients with comorbidities (64/165; 38.8%), followed by those with long-term immobilization issues (36/165; 21.8%). The most commonly provided intervention was counselling, contributing to the achievement of objectives for 127 patients (77.0%). A full rehabilitation path was proposed for only 10 patients (6.1%). No additional costs were incurred by the health authority during the implementation of the model. Conclusion: Our model facilitated the provision of rehabilitative care in the community, preventing the exacerbation of chronic conditions and meeting the population health needs in non-hospital environments. The model overcame the typical lack of integration within health-care services with flexibility, promoting care proximity solutions to cope with health challenges such as an ageing population and the coronavirus disease.