ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2022
Apolipoprotein E imbalance in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meprin-β levels are increased in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Region-specific proteomic profiling of brain interstitial fluidLab on a chip · 2026Article
- ApoE expression across the CNS: Who, What, Where, When, and How (much)?Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Review
- Increased cerebrospinal fluid and plasma apoE glycosylation is associated with reduced levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Insights From TgF344-AD, a Double Transgenic Rat Model in Alzheimer's Disease Research.Physiological research · 2025Review
- Synaptic and extrasynaptic distribution of NMDA receptors in the cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Might Diet, APOE-APOA1 Axis, and Iron Metabolism Provide Clues About the Discrepancy in Alzheimer's Disease Occurrence Between Humans and Chimpanzees? A Bioinformatics-Based Re-Analysis of Gene Expression Data on Mice Fed with Human and Chimpanzee Diets.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Iron Overload in Brain: Transport Mismatches, Microbleeding Events, and How Nanochelating Therapies May Counteract Their Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Molecular Footprint: Proteome-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease.Proteomes · 2023Review
- Plasma apolipoprotein E levels, isoform composition, and dimer profile in relation to plasma lipids in racially diverse patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- An association of CSF apolipoprotein E glycosylation and amyloid-beta 42 in individuals who carry the APOE4 allele.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid cholesterol esterification is hampered in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Honey and Alzheimer's Disease-Current Understanding and Future Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apolipoprotein E (apoE) species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
methodsWe analyzed two CSF cohorts of AD and control individuals expressing different APOE genotypes. Moreover, CSF samples from the TgF344-AD rat model were included. Samples were run in native- and SDS-PAGE under reducing or non-reducing conditions (with or without β-mercaptoethanol). Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry or western blotting analyses served to assess the identity of apoE complexes.
resultsIn TgF344-AD rats expressing a unique apoE variant resembling human apoE4, a ~35-kDa apoE monomer was identified, increasing at 16.5 months compared with wild-types. In humans, apoE isoforms form disulfide-linked dimers in CSF, except apoE4, which lacks a cysteine residue. Thus, controls showed a decrease in the apoE dimer/monomer quotient in the APOE ε3/ε4 group compared with ε3/ε3 by native electrophoresis. A major contribution of dimers was found in APOE ε3/ε4 AD cases, and, unexpectedly, dimers were also found in ε4/ε4 AD cases. Under reducing conditions, two apoE monomeric glycoforms at 36 kDa and at 34 kDa were found in all human samples. In AD patients, the amount of the 34-kDa species increased, while the 36-kDa/34-kDa quotient was lower compared with controls. Interestingly, under reducing conditions, a ~100-kDa apoE complex, the identity of which was confirmed by mass spectrometry, also appeared in human AD individuals across all APOE genotypes, suggesting the occurrence of aberrantly resistant apoE aggregates. A second independent cohort of CSF samples validated these results.
conclusionThese results indicate that despite the increase in total apoE content the apoE protein is altered in AD CSF, suggesting that function may be compromised.
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Registered trials
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