ArticleActa diabetologica2023
Prognostic nutritional index as a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Acta diabetologica, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The mediating effect role of methylmalonic acid on the association between oxidative balance score and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2014.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Associations of dietary macronutrients and energy intake with diabetic kidney disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: evidence from NHANES.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- The Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Lifeline for Cardiovascular Health in Individuals With Insomnia: A Prospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The Associations Between Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
- The prognostic nutritional index is an early predictive marker for surgical site infection after spinal fusion surgery: a nested case-control study.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- An L-shaped association between prognostic nutritional index and all-cause mortality among adults with depressive symptoms: a cohort study using NHANES 2005-2018.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mediation role of estimated pulse wave velocity in the association between physical activity and cognitive function.Medicine · 2026Article
- Non-Dipping Blood Pressure and Reduced Heart Rate Deceleration Capacities Are Associated With Malnutrition in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- The prognostic nutritional index improves risk stratification for acute pulmonary embolism.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- C-Reactive Protein-Albumin-Lymphocyte Index as a Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A National Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Cholesterol-modified prognostic nutritional index: a novel nutritional biomarker for prevalent diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Combined assessment of 25(OH)D, CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the correlation and predictive performance of GNRI, CONUT, and PNI with MAFLD in Chinese adult physical examination population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association Between Admission Prognostic Nutritional Index and Pulmonary Infection Status in Hospitalized Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Article
- Analysis of the Correlation between Prognostic Nutritional Index and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetes.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Association between prognostic nutritional index and 90-day readmission in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsMicroinflammation and malnutrition are common in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to validate whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI) may increase the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and all-cause mortality in T2DM patients.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and National Death Index (NDI) 2013-2018 database. A total of 14,349 eligible subjects were included, and 2720 of them were with T2DM. PNI was assessed by the 5 × lymphocyte count (10
resultsFor 14,349 participants represented 224.7 million noninstitutionalized residents of the United State, the average PNI was 53.72 ± 0.12, and the prevalence of T2DM was 14.89%. T2DM patients had a lower level of PNI and dietary protein intake, a higher risk of mortality, kidney injury, anemia, arterial hypertension and hyperuricemia, compared with non-T2DM subjects. DKD occurred in 35.06% of diabetic participants and a higher PNI was independently related with a lower risk of DKD (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.459-0.892, p = 0.01) in T2DM after multivariate adjustment. During a median follow-up of 46 person-months (29-66 months), a total of 233 T2DM individuals died from all causes (mortality rate = 8.17%). Subjects with T2DM who had a higher PNI showed a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97, p = 0.036).
conclusionsPNI, as a marker of immunonutrition, correlated with the incidence of DKD, and was an independent predictor for all-cause mortality in participants with T2DM. Thus, PNI may conduce to the risk stratification and timely intervention of T2DM patients.
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