ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2022
Immune-based biomarker accurately predicts response to imiquimod immunotherapy in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-existing infiltration with T cells and CD14+ myeloid cells is associated with treatment response to imiquimod in primary and recurrent vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Topical imiquimod treatment of residual or recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions (TOPIC-2): A randomised controlled trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Distinct tumor microenvironment profiles characterize regressive versus progressive anal precancers.iScience · 2026Article
- Local immunosuppressive microenvironment underlies reduced responsiveness to imiquimod treatment in recurrent or residual cervical HSIL.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy of FOXP3+Treg cells combined with platelet in predicting recurrence of cervical cancer: a retrospective study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Recent advancement in inflammatory biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis and therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Vaginal Microbiota and Local Immunity in HPV-Induced High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Imiquimod Is Effective in Reducing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2024Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe complete response rate of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (cHSIL) patients to imiquimod immunotherapy is approximately 60%. Consequently, many patients are exposed to unnecessary adverse effects of imiquimod. On the other hand, conventional surgical large loop excision therapy is associated with increased risk of premature births in subsequent pregnancies. An in-depth analysis of the cHSIL immune microenvironment was performed in order to identify and develop a predictive biomarker for response to imiquimod, to maximize therapy efficacy and to avoid adverse effects in patients unlikely to respond.
methodsBiopsies of 35 cHSIL patients, before and 10 weeks on imiquimod treatment, were analyzed by two multispectral seven-color immunofluorescence panels for T cell and myeloid cell composition in relation to treatment response. Based on these results a simplified immunohistochemical detection protocol was developed. Samples were scanned with the Vectra multispectral imaging system and cells were automatically identified using machine learning.
resultsThe immune microenvironment of complete responders (CR) is characterized by a strong and coordinated infiltration by T helper cells (activated PD1
conclusionThe capacity of cHSIL patients to respond to imiquimod is associated with a pre-existing coordinated local immune process, fostering an imiquimod-mediated increase in local T cell infiltration. The CIBI immunohistochemical biomarker has strong potential to select cHSIL patients with a high likelihood to experience a complete response to imiquimod immunotherapy.
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