ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2023
Gardening Is Associated With Better Cardiovascular Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States: Analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vegetable Gardening and Health Outcomes in Older Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Practical Application of Ethical Research Principles: Developing and Implementing Grassroots Food Security Research With the Yarrabah Aboriginal Community.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Gardening, healthy aging, and longevity: Longitudinal evidence from 25 years of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921.Journal of environmental psychology · 2026Article
- Growing Healthy Hearts: a pilot randomized controlled trial of a digitally delivered gardening, cooking, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention for adults with cardiovascular risk factors.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Trends of changes in physical activity of older adults in Poland 2009-2019. The results of the representative population-based PolSenior2 study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Changing Dietary Patterns among Chinese Older Adults: A Rural-Urban Comparative Analysis (2008-2018).International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Association between yoga and multimorbidity: a nationwide study of 279,885 middle-aged and older adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Feasibility and effects of horticultural activities on frailty, physical function, and quality of life among older adult residents in nursing homes: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity among Chinese Rural Older Adults.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Gardening and subjective cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study and mediation analyses of 136,748 adults aged 45+ years.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Interactions with Nature, Good for the Mind and Body: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Growing Healthy Hearts: a single-arm feasibility study of a digitally delivered gardening, cooking, and nutrition intervention for adults with risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Inspired to Garden: A Qualitative Study of Participants' Experiences in an Academic Medical Center Garden.Cureus · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGardening benefits health in older adults, but previous studies have limited generalizability or do not adequately adjust for sociodemographic factors or physical activity (PA).
objectiveWe examined health outcomes, fruits and vegetables (F&V) intake, and 10-year mortality risk among gardeners and exercisers compared with nonexercisers.
designCross-sectional data of noninstitutionalized US adults in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was collected via landline and cellular phone survey. PARTICIPANTS/
settingAdults 65 years and older reporting any PA (n = 146,047) were grouped as gardeners, exercisers, or nonexercisers.
main outcome measuresOutcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, mental and physical health, F&V intake, and 10-year mortality risk. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Summary statistics were calculated and adjusted logistic regression models were conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs, accounting for the complex survey design.
resultsThe sample included gardeners (10.2%), exercisers (60.0%), and nonexercisers (30.8%). Gardeners, compared with nonexercisers, had significantly lower odds of reporting all studied health outcomes and higher odds of consuming 5 or more F&V per day (CVD: aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.68; stroke: aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.64; heart attack: aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73, high cholesterol: aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.93; high blood pressure: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.81; diabetes: aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.56; body mass index ≥25: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.80; poor mental health status: aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.59; poor physical health status: aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.39; 5 or more F&V per day: aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.57; high 10-year mortality risk: aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.42). Male and female gardeners had significantly lower odds of reporting diabetes even when compared with exercisers.
conclusionsAmong adults 65 years and older, gardening is associated with better CVD health status, including lower odds of diabetes. Future longitudinal or interventional studies are warranted to determine whether promoting gardening activities can be a CVD risk reduction strategy.
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Registered trials
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