Trial reportKorean journal of anesthesiology2023
Virtual reality simulator's effectiveness on the spine procedure education for trainee: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Korean journal of anesthesiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immersive virtual reality based on head-mounted display in medical education: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-Specific Virtual Reality Rehearsal for Technically Challenging Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2026Trial
- Age-related changes in dorsal and ventral vertebral body height of the T12 vertebra in females: A magnetic resonance imaging study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Effectiveness of Virtual and Augmented Reality for Emergency Healthcare Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Spinal morphological change after posterior lumbar interbody fusion in lumbar spondylolisthesis patients.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Current Clinical and Educational Uses of Immersive Reality in Anesthesia: Narrative Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Review
- The use of extended reality in anesthesiology education: a scoping review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Article
- Advancing education in interventional psychiatry: scoping review of simulation training and the future of virtual reality-based learning.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- US-Guided Interventional Procedures for Total Hip Arthroplasty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Simulator for Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Extended Reality for Neuraxial Procedures: A Scoping Review.Journal of medical extended reality · 2024Article
- How do you teach someone to fish?Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSince the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, virtual simulation has emerged as an alternative to traditional teaching methods as it can be employed within the recently established contact-minimizing guidelines. This prospective education study aimed to develop a virtual reality simulator for a lumbar transforaminal epidural block (LTFEB) and demonstrate its efficacy.
methodsWe developed a virtual reality simulator using patient image data processing, virtual X-ray generation, spatial registration, and virtual reality technology. For a realistic virtual environment, a procedure room, surgical table, C-arm, and monitor were created. Using the virtual C-arm, the X-ray images of the patient's anatomy, the needle, and indicator were obtained in real-time. After the simulation, the trainees could receive feedback by adjusting the visibility of structures such as skin and bones. The training of LTFEB using the simulator was evaluated using 20 inexperienced trainees. The trainees' procedural time, rating score, number of C-arm taken, and overall satisfaction were recorded as primary outcomes.
resultsThe group using the simulator showed a higher global rating score (P = 0.014), reduced procedural time (P = 0.025), reduced number of C-arm uses (P = 0.001), and higher overall satisfaction score (P = 0.007).
conclusionsWe created an accessible and effective virtual reality simulator that can be used to teach inexperienced trainees LTFEB without radiation exposure. The results of this study indicate that the proposed simulator will prove to be a useful aid for teaching LTFEB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.