ArticleJAC-antimicrobial resistance2022
Antibiotic consumption in India: geographical variations and temporal changes between 2011 and 2019.
Article in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Compliance with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean delivery and its impact on surgical site infections: A national retrospective study of Jordan.Global health research and policy · 2026Article
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- A community-based study of antibiotic consumption in an urban health training centre area of Ahmedabad city.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- A framework for enhancing pharmaceutical integrity and patient safety: novel mobile health solution integrating smart packaging and computer vision.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Thorough Analysis of Changing Antibiotic Resistance in Dental Practice: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
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- Health-system drivers of outpatient antibiotic use: evidence from prescribing, centralized supply, and catchment populations in public tertiary hospitals in Bihar, India.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- A bifunctional monomer molecularly imprinted sensor modified with boronic acid-functionalized carbon dots for detecting azithromycin.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Strategies and Recent Advances in Tackling Antibacterial Resistance in India: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Deeper Exploration of Gut Microbiome: Profile of Resistome, Virome and Viral Auxiliary Metabolic Genes of Three Ethnic Indian Groups.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Did the periodic intensification of routine immunisation strategy (Intensified mission Indradhanush) reduce the demand for pediatric antibiotic formulations in India?BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pharmaco-Epidemiological Study and Correlation Between Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Consumption in a Tunisian Teaching Hospital from 2010 to 2022.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the longer-term impacts on working practices of veterinarians in India after attending a canine surgical neutering training programme.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Article
- Assessment of antibiotic utilization patterns in an Indian Level-1 Trauma Center: a pilot study exploring days of antibiotic spectrum coverage and defined daily doses using WHO AWaRe classification trends.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2025Article
- Azithromycin in the Management of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs): Indian Real-Life Experience.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Integrating procurement, prescription, and resistance data to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship: insights from a public health institution in India.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial stewardship implementation in primary and secondary tier hospitals in India: interim findings from a need assessment study using mixed method design.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Determinants of private-sector antibiotic consumption in India: findings from a quasi-experimental fixed-effects regression analysis using cross-sectional time-series data, 2011-2019.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To describe and compare private sector systemic (J01) antibiotic consumption across Indian states from 2011 to 2019. Methods: We used the nationally representative PharmaTrac dataset to describe the consumption rates in DDD across national, state and state-group [high focus (HF) and non-high focus (nHF)] levels. We used median and IQRs to describe and compare across states and state groups, and relative change and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to examine temporal changes. Results: The annual consumption rate decreased by 3.6% between 2011 and 2019. The share of Access antibiotics decreased (13.1%) and the Access/Watch ratio declined from 0.59 to 0.49. State consumption rates varied widely (HF states reported lower rates) and the inappropriate use increased over the years, especially among HF states. The HF and nHF states showed convergence in the share of the Access and the Access/Watch ratio, while they showed divergence in the use of Discouraged fixed-dose combinations. Conclusions and implications: India's private-sector antibiotic consumption rate was lower than global rates. The rates varied across states and appropriateness of use decreased in most states over the years. States with an increase in appropriate use over time could serve as best practice examples. Studies to understand the factors affecting inappropriate use are required alongside improved data systems to monitor the public-sector provision of antibiotics to understand the total consumption.
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Registered trials
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