ArticleBMC medicine2022
Mendelian randomization analysis of factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer risk.
Article in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk stratification for endometrial cancer: independent and joint effects of polygenic risk score and body mass index in 129,829 UK Biobank participants.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Association of female reproductive traits with altered aging trajectories: Insights from genetic and observational analyses.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Observational
- Article
- The genetics of low and high birthweight and their relationship with cardiometabolic disease.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Association between estrogen and kidney function: population based evidence and mutual bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Article
- Association between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- An observational and genetic investigation into the association between psoriasis and risk of malignancy.Nature communications · 2024Observational
- Exploring the causal association between genetically determined circulating metabolome and hemorrhagic stroke.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Causal effects of endometriosis stages and locations on menstruation, ovulation, reproductive function, and delivery modes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Genetic causal relationship between age at menarche and benign oesophageal neoplasia identified by a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObservational epidemiological studies suggest a link between several factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer (EC) risk; however, it is not clear whether these relationships are causal, and whether the risk factors act independently of each other. The aim of this study was to investigate putative causal relationships between the number of live births, age at last live birth, and years ovulating and EC risk.
methodsWe conducted a series of observational analyses to investigate various risk factors and EC risk in the UK Biobank (UKBB). Additionally, multivariate analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between the number of live births, age at last live birth, and years ovulating and other related factors such as age at natural menopause, age at menarche, and body mass index (BMI). Secondly, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess if these observed relationships were causal. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from previous studies of woman's number of live births, age at menopause and menarche, and BMI. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis using the UKBB to identify SNPs associated with years ovulating, years using the contraceptive pill, and age at last live birth.
resultsWe found evidence for a causal effect of the number of live births (inverse variance weighted (IVW) odds ratio (OR): 0.537, p = 0.006), the number of years ovulating (IVW OR: 1.051, p = 0.014), in addition to the known risk factors BMI, age at menarche, and age at menopause on EC risk in the univariate MR analyses. Due to the close relationships between these factors, we followed up with multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. Results from the MVMR analysis showed that number of live births had a causal effect on EC risk (OR: 0.783, p = 0.036) independent of BMI, age at menarche and age at menopause.
conclusionsMVMR analysis showed that the number of live births causally reduced the risk of EC.
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