Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36319026›Full record

ArticleCMAJ open

Prostate cancer incidence among immigrant men in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Aisha K Lofters, Jacqueline L Bender, Sarah Swayze, Shabbir Alibhai, Anthony Henry, Kenneth Noel, Geetanjali D Datta

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aisha K LoftersPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif. Aisha.lofters@wchospital.ca.
Jacqueline L BenderPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif.
Sarah SwayzePeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif.
Shabbir AlibhaiPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif.
Anthony HenryPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif.
Kenneth NoelPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif.
Geetanjali D DattaPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers (Lofters), Women's College Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Lofters), University of Toronto; Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (Bender), Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ICES (Lofters, Swayze); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bender), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Alibhai), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Alibhai), University Health Network; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Bender), University of Toronto; ; Walnut Foundation (Henry, Noel), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Datta), Cedar-Sinai Medical Center; Cancer Research Center for Health Equity (Datta), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, Calif.
Women's College Hospital · CA

Funding

CIHR 162506
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProstate cancer incidence has been associated with various sociodemographic factors, such as race, income and age, but the association with immigrant status in Canada is unclear. In this population-based study in Ontario, Canada, we compared age-standardized incidence rates for immigrant males from various regions of origin with the rates of long-term residents.

methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we linked several provincial-level databases available at ICES, an independent, non-profit research institute. We included all males aged 20 years and older in the province of Ontario eligible for health care for each fiscal year (Apr. 1 to Mar. 31) in 2008-2016. We determined age-standardized prostate cancer incidence rates, stratifying by immigrant status (a binary variable) and region of origin. We used a log-binomial model to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios, with long-term residents (Canadian-born Ontarians as well as those who immigrated before 1985, when available data on immigration starts) as the reference group. We included age, neighbourhood income and time since landing in the models. Additional models limited to immigrant males in the cohort included immigration admission category (economic class, family class, refugee, other) and time since landing in Canada.

resultsThere were 74594 incident cases of prostate cancer in the study period, 6742 of which were among immigrant males. Males who had immigrated from West Africa and the Caribbean had significantly higher incidence of prostate cancer than other immigrants and long-term residents: adjusted rate ratios of 2.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.41-3.05) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.78-2.04), respectively. Immigrants from other regions, including East Africa and Middle-Southern Africa, had lower or similar incidence rates to long-term residents. Males from South Asia had the lowest adjusted rate ratio (0.47, 95% CI 0.45-0.50).

interpretationThe age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer from 2008 to 2016 was consistently and significantly higher among immigrants from West African and Caribbean countries than among other immigrants and long-term residents of the province. Future research in Canada should focus on further understanding heterogeneity in prostate cancer risk and epidemiology, including stage of diagnosis and mortality, for immigrants.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsProstatic NeoplasmsCohort StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleOntarioRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID36319026
PMCPMC9633052
OpenAlexW4307856289

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.