Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36316661›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2022

A digital Norwegian version of the client satisfaction questionnaire 8: factor validity and internal reliability in outpatient mental health care.

Henrik Pedersen, Audun Havnen, Martin Brattmyr, C Clifford Attkisson, Mariela L Lara-Cabrera

Registry-linked trialAbstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06592677 (Early Support After Exposure to Trauma), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06592677 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Early Support After Exposure to Trauma

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress StudiesRan2024 to 2027Enrolled360ConditionsPost-traumatic Stress DisorderArmsCondensed internet-delivered prolonged exposure (CIPE), Treatment-as-usual (TAU)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A Fall Prevention Feasibility Trial for People With HIV and Alcohol Use.OTJR : occupation, participation and health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Henrik PedersenNidaros Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Henrik.pedersen@ntnu.no.
Audun HavnenNidaros Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Martin BrattmyrDepartment of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
C Clifford AttkissonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
Mariela L Lara-CabreraDepartment of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundValidated measures of patient-reported experiences are essential for assessing and improving the quality of mental health services and interventions. In Norwegian mental healthcare settings, the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) is increasingly being used for this purpose, but the validity and reliability of the Norwegian translation have not been investigated.

methodsWe examined the factor structure and internal consistency of a digitally administrated Norwegian translation of the CSQ-8 in a sample of 338 patients recruited from outpatient treatment. The relationship between satisfaction scores and the change in symptom severity during treatment, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, was also investigated.

resultsThe Norwegian CSQ-8 showed a clear unidimensional structure with one factor explaining 74% of the variance. Internal consistency was very high, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Satisfaction showed a small-to-moderate negative relationship with change in symptom severity. Satisfaction scores were negatively skewed, and the presence of ceiling effects is discussed.

conclusionOur results support the use of the Norwegian CSQ-8 as a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with mental healthcare services. Further studies are needed to determine the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire, its sensitivity to change, and to assess its propensity to ceiling effects.

Indexed as

Mental HealthPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresPatient SatisfactionPsychometricsSurveys and QuestionnairesHumansNorwayOutpatientsPersonal SatisfactionReproducibility of ResultsCommunity mental health servicesMental disordersPatient-reported experiencePatient satisfactionPsychometric propertiesQuality of careQuality of mental healthcareReliabilitySatisfaction with treatmentValidity

Identifiers

PMID36316661
PMCPMC9623922

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.