Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36316574›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2023

Gender medicine: effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular disease manifestation and outcomes.

Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Catherine Gebhard

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 221 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
221citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
54.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

221 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 306 citations in OpenAlex.

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161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Vera Regitz-ZagrosekInstitute for Gender in Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany. vrz@charite.de.ORCID 0000-0002-3566-3467
Catherine GebhardDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
University Hospital of Bern · CHUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite a growing body of evidence, the distinct contributions of biological sex and the sociocultural dimension of gender to the manifestations and outcomes of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure remain unknown. The intertwining of sex-based differences in genetic and hormonal mechanisms with the complex dimension of gender and its different components and determinants that result in different disease phenotypes in women and men needs to be elucidated. The relative contribution of purely biological factors, such as genes and hormones, to cardiovascular phenotypes and outcomes is not yet fully understood. Increasing awareness of the effects of gender has led to efforts to measure gender in retrospective and prospective clinical studies and the development of gender scores. However, the synergistic or opposing effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular traits and on ischaemic heart disease and heart failure mechanisms have not yet been systematically described. Furthermore, specific considerations of sex-related and gender-related factors in gender dysphoria or in heart-brain interactions and their association with cardiovascular disease are still lacking. In this Review, we summarize contemporary evidence on the distinct effects of sex and gender as well as of their interactions on cardiovascular disease and how they favourably or unfavourably influence the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment responses in patients with ischaemic heart disease or heart failure.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCoronary Artery DiseaseHeart FailureMyocardial IschemiaFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID36316574
PMCPMC9628527
OpenAlexW4307897169

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.