ArticleJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2023
More Than 2% of Circulating Tumor Plasma Cells Defines Plasma Cell Leukemia-Like Multiple Myeloma.
Article in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating plasma cells as a predictive biomarker in Multiple myeloma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Diagnostic challenges posed by the wide morphological and immunophenotypic spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms.Blood research · 2026Review
- The Evolving Role of Genomic Technologies in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Diagnosis, Risk Stratification and Resistance.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Circulating Plasma Cells as a Minimally Invasive Adjunct to Bone Marrow Aspirates for Genetic Analysis of ER Stress and Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma: A Feasibility Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- DKC1: a robust prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- An odyssey of monoclonal gammopathies: focusing on precursors and the progression from MGUS and SMM to multiple Myeloma, with a brief overview of novel therapeutic strategies.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Defining High-Risk Disease Biology in Multiple Myeloma: A Narrative Review.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Using RNA-seq for detecting MRD in multiple myeloma: high sensitivity and prognostic value.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical outcome of ≥2% circulating tumor cells in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: insights from a multicenter study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- The Strange Case of Functional High-Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients: Is It Possible to Identify Them in Clinical Practice?Cancers · 2025Article
- Applications of Multiparameter Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Flow Cytometry, Aspiration, and Biopsy with Immunohistochemistry in Plasma Cell Neoplasms.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2025Article
- Review
- Elevated circulating tumor cells reflect high proliferation and genomic complexity in multiple myeloma.HemaSphere · 2025Article
- EHA-EMN Evidence-Based Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with multiple myeloma.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- SWIFT-seq enables comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of circulating tumor cells in multiple myeloma and its precursors.Nature cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposePrimary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is the most aggressive monoclonal gammopathy. It was formerly characterized by ≥ 20% circulating plasma cells (CTCs) until 2021, when this threshold was decreased to ≥ 5%. We hypothesized that primary PCL is not a separate clinical entity, but rather that it represents ultra-high-risk multiple myeloma (MM) characterized by elevated CTC levels.
methodsWe assessed the levels of CTCs by multiparameter flow cytometry in 395 patients with newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible MM to establish a cutoff for CTCs that identifies the patients with ultra-high-risk PCL-like MM. We tested the cutoff on 185 transplant-eligible patients with MM and further validated on an independent cohort of 280 transplant-ineligible patients treated in the GEM-CLARIDEX trial. The largest published real-world cohort of patients with primary PCL was used for comparison of survival. Finally, we challenged the current 5% threshold for primary PCL diagnosis.
resultsNewly diagnosed transplant-ineligible patients with MM with 2%-20% CTCs had significantly shorter progression-free survival (3.1
conclusionOur study uncovers that ≥ 2% CTCs is a biomarker of hidden primary PCL and supports the assessment of CTCs by flow cytometry during the diagnostic workup of MM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.