ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2023
Total calcium, dairy foods and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study of younger US women.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Modifiable risk factors contributing to the rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the United States over three decades: a Global Burden of Disease analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Burden of colorectal cancer attributable to diet low in milk among middle-aged and elderly population from 1990 to 2021: a population-based study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Diet-wide analyses for risk of colorectal cancer: prospective study of 12,251 incident cases among 542,778 women in the UK.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Low dietary calcium intake leads to a higher colorectal cancer burden in countries with low social development: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Beneficial microbiome and diet interplay in early-onset colorectal cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The association between Planetary Health Diet Index and the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Calcium deficiency and its implications for cardiovascular disease and cancer: Strategies for resolution via agronomic fortification.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Exploring the Chemopreventive Effect of Medication on Gene Expression Linked to Colorectal Cancer: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Healthy Colon Mucosa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- Environmental drivers of the rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the United States.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Global, regional, and national analyses of the burden of colorectal cancer attributable to diet low in milk from 1990 to 2019: longitudinal observational study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The global burden and trends analysis of early-onset colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a secondary analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Adherence to the Paleolithic diet and Paleolithic-like lifestyle reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in the United States: a prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is declining among adults aged ≥65 years, CRC incidence in younger adults has been rising. The protective role of calcium in colorectal carcinogenesis has been well established, but evidence is lacking on whether the association varies by age at diagnosis. We investigated the association between total calcium intake and risk of overall CRC and CRC before age 55 years.
methodsIn the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), 94 205 women aged 25-42 years at baseline were included in the analysis. Diet was assessed every 4 years through validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CRC were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsWe documented 349 incident CRC cases during 2 202 604 person-years of follow-up. Higher total calcium intake was associated with a reduced risk of CRC. Compared with those with <750 mg/day of total calcium intake, the HR of CRC was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.38-0.97) for those who consumed ≥1500 mg/day (P for trend = 0.01). The HR per 300 mg/day increase was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76-0.95). There was a suggestive inverse association between total calcium intake and CRC before age 55 years (HR per 300 mg/day increase, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75-1.00), suggesting the importance of calcium intake in the younger population.
conclusionsIn a cohort of younger women, which reflects the birth cohorts, time periods and age ranges paralleling the recent rise in CRC, higher calcium intake was associated with a decreased risk of CRC.
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