ArticleNursing ethics2023
A typology of nurses' interaction with relatives in emergency situations.
Article in Nursing ethics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Moral Challenges and Responsibilities in Caring for Relatives of Older Nursing Home Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026Article
- Patient Transfer Process From Pre-Hospital to the Hospital Emergency Department: A Grounded Theory Study.Nursing open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn nursing homes, residents' relatives represent important sources of support for nurses. However, in the heightened stress of emergency situations, interaction between nurses and relatives can raise ethical challenges. RESEARCH
objectivesThe present analysis aimed at elaborating a typology of nurses' experience of ethical support and challenges in their interaction with relatives in emergency situations. RESEARCH
designThirty-three semi-structured interviews and six focus groups were conducted with nurses from different nursing homes in Germany. Data were analysed according to Mayring's method of qualitative content analysis. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Participants were licensed nurses working in nursing homes. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Ethical approval was granted by Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences (02.07.2020) and the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School (Nr. 8866_BO_K_2020; 27.01.2020). Interviewees were anonymised and focus group were pseudonymised during transcription. All participants provided written consent. FINDINGS/
resultsIn emergency situations, relatives can represent important sources of support for nurses. However, they may also give rise to different challenges, relating to four ethical conflicts: (1) the challenge of meeting the information needs of relatives while providing appropriate care to all residents; (2) the challenge of managing relatives' demands for hospitalisation when hospitalisation is not deemed necessary by nurses; (3) the challenge of managing relatives' demands for lifesaving treatment when such treatment contradicts the will of the resident; and (4) the challenge of attempting to initiate hospitalisation when relatives oppose this course of action. Several external factors make these conflicts especially challenging for nurses: fear of legal consequences, a low staffing ratio, and a lack of qualified nursing staff.
conclusionsConflict between nurses and relatives typically revolves around hospitalisation and the initiation of lifesaving treatment. Whether nurses perceive interaction with relatives as supportive or conflictual essentially depends on the quality of the relationship, which may be negatively influenced by a number of external factors.
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