ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
Electrophysiological evidence of subclinical trigeminal dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 and smell impairment: A pilot study.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reduced T-cell densities in cranial nerves of patients who died with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Subclinical finding in the perception of tactile sensation involvement after SARS-CoV2 infection: comparison with healthy controls using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Smell and taste disturbances are among the most frequent neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19. A concomitant impairment of the trigeminal nerve has been suggested in subjects with olfactory dysfunction, although it has not been confirmed with objective measurement techniques. In this study, we explored the trigeminal function and its correlations with clinical features in COVID-19 patients with impaired smell perception using electrophysiological testing. Methods: We enrolled 16 consecutive patients with mild COVID-19 and smell impairment and 14 healthy controls (HCs). Olfactory and gustatory symptoms were assessed with self-reported questionnaires. Electrophysiological evaluation of the masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) and blink reflex (BR) was carried out to test the trigeminal function and its connections within the brainstem. Results: Masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) analysis revealed higher latency of ipsilateral and contralateral early silent period in patients when compared with HCs. No significant differences between groups were detected as regards the duration of the early and late silent period. However, several patients showed a prolonged duration of the early silent period. BR evaluation disclosed only an increased amplitude of early components in patients. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 and smell impairment show a subclinical trigeminal nerve impairment. Trigeminal alterations mainly involve the oligosynaptic pathway, as a result of either direct viral damage or secondary neuroinflammation of the peripheral trigeminal fibers, whereas the polysynaptic ponto-medullary circuits seem to be spared. The prolonged duration of the early silent period and the increased amplitude of early BR response might reflect a compensatory upregulation of the trigeminal function as a consequence of the olfactory dysfunction.
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