ArticleArthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation2022
Five-Strand Hamstring Grafts are Biomechanically Comparable to Four-Strand Grafts and Offer Greater Diameter for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.
Article in Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influencing factors on mechanical properties of tendon-suture system during graft preparation: a multiple linear regression analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- General Prediction Theory for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Sizing.The journal of knee surgery · 2026Article
- Correlation of Cerclage Suture With Graft Strength in Quadrupled Soft Tissue Graft Construct in All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Four-Stranded Semitendinosus Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Mini-invasive Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction.Arthroscopy techniques · 2024Article
- Generation of 5-Strand Hamstring Autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction-A Technical Note.Arthroscopy techniques · 2023Article
- All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Technique: Tips and Tricks.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Technique for All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Quadrupled Semitendinosus and Gracilis Autograft.Arthroscopy techniques · 2023Article
- Five-Strand Hamstring Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.JBJS essential surgical techniquesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanics of 4-strand and 5-strand hamstring constructs for anterior cruciate ligament grafts. Methods: Thirty-six human cadaveric hamstring grafts were tested in 3 different conditions: (1) graft femoral fixation complex, (2) graft femoral and tibial fixation (GFTF) complex using a human model, and (3) GFTF complex using a porcine model. Grafts were tested on a tensile testing machine. Four-stranded grafts served as the control group, and 5-stranded grafts served as the experimental group. Cyclic elongation, ultimate load to failure, stiffness, and diameter of the grafts were analyzed. Results: Average 4-strand graft diameter was 7.96 mm compared to 9.32 mm for the 5-strand graft ( Conclusion: Five-strand hamstring grafts offer greater diameter and are biomechanically comparable to 4-strand equivalents at time 0. Grafts >8 mm offer significantly greater stiffness compared to grafts sized <8 mm. There is a weak positive correlation between graft diameter and stiffness. Clinical Relevance: A potential drawback to hamstring grafts is their variability in size. Five-strand hamstring grafts provide increased diameter in comparison to 4-strand equivalents and might be used when quadrupled graft diameter is <8 mm.
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Registered trials
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