5G-Assisted Remote Guidance in Laparoscopic Simulation Training Based on 3D Printed Dry Lab Models.

This is a pilot study to assess the utility of applying 5G-assisted remote guidance in laparoscopic simulation training. A single trainee of a junior surgeon was recruited to complete three steps of tasks including basic task 1, basic task 2, and model task, and the performance was recorded and evaluated. The operator completed each task three times. Except for basic task 1, all tasks were remotely guided by a more experienced surgeon using 5G technology. Tasks completion time and a 30-point objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) score were utilized to assess the results of simulation training. All remote guidance processes were successfully completed without significant network latency. Through basic task 1, the operator quickly became familiar with the trained laparoscopic instruments. For basic task 2, OSATS scores increased from 16 to 24 points, and completion time decreased from 1500 to 986 s after training under 5G-assisted remote guidance. For model tasks, OSATS scores increased from 15 to 26 points, and completion time decreased from 1734 to 1142 s. This is a novel mode of laparoscopic simulation training to increase the convenience of training. Perhaps in the near future, surgeons can simulate difficult operations at home or in the office, and accurately grasp the possible situations that may occur in actual operations in advance. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12262-022-03590-2.