ArticleCancer science2023
Carbon ion radiotherapy with pencil beam scanning for hepatocellular carcinoma: Long-term outcomes from a phase I trial.
Article in Cancer science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The research perspectives and frontiers on radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Recent advancements in radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Future Prospects: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Treatment Outcomes in Patients Receiving Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy Versus Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (≥4 cm): A Retrospective Study in Japan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A Novel Method for Prognostic Risk Classification After Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Data-Mining Methods.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Systematic review of the tools and outcomes for the assessment of acute radiation dermatitis severity.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2025Review
- Carbon ion radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma provides excellent local control: The prospective phase I PROMETHEUS trial.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Prognostic analysis of radiation-induced liver damage following carbon-ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Current perspectives on radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma management: a comprehensive review.Journal of liver cancer · 2024Article
- A future directions of renal cell carcinoma treatment: combination of immune checkpoint inhibition and carbon ion radiotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- Carbon ion radiotherapy with pencil beam scanning for hepatocellular carcinoma: Long-term outcomes from a phase I trial.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Pencil Beam Scanning Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of the pencil beam scanning technique of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in the setting of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and establishes the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) calculated by the Local Effect Model version I (LEM-I) with a dose escalation plan. The escalated relative biological effectiveness-weighted dose levels included 55, 60, 65, and 70 Gy in 10 fractions. Active motion management techniques were employed, and several measures were applied to mitigate the interplay effect induced by a moving target. CIRT was planned with the LEM-I-based treatment planning system and delivered by raster scanning. Offline PET/CT imaging was used to verify the beam range. Offline adaptive replanning was performed whenever required. Twenty-three patients with a median tumor size of 4.3 cm (range, 1.7-8.5 cm) were enrolled in the present study. The median follow-up time was 56.1 months (range, 5.7-74.4 months). No dose limiting toxicity was observed until 70 Gy, and MTD had not been reached. No patients experienced radiation-induced liver disease within 6 months after the completion of CIRT. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 91.3%, 81.9%, and 67.1% after CIRT, respectively. The local progression-free survival and progression-free survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 100%, 94.4%, and 94.4% and 73.6%, 59.2%, and 37.0%, respectively. The raster scanning technique could be used to treat HCC. However, caution should be exercised to mitigate the interplay effect. CIRT up to 70 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks was safe and effective for HCC.
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