ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2023
Neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage: twenty years of trends in incidence, associations, and outcomes.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Misinformation and Junk Science in Obstetrics Medical Malpractice: Newborn Brain Injury.O&G open · 2026Article
- Risk factors for subgaleal hemorrhage and adverse early neonatal outcomes: a single-center cohort study with exclusive use of forceps.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Subgaleal hemorrhage in neonates: a comprehensive review and summary recommendations.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2011, we reported 38 neonates with subgaleal hemorrhage (SH), relating an increasing incidence. It is unclear whether the incidence in our hospitals continued to rise and which risk factors and outcomes are associated with this condition.
designWe retrospectively analyzed every recognized case of SH in our hospitals from the end of our previous report (2010) to the present (2022). We redescribed the incidence, scored severity, tabulated blood products transfused, and recorded outcomes.
resultsAcross 141 months, 191 neonates were diagnosed with SH; 30 after vacuum or forceps. The incidence (one/1815 births) was higher than in our 2011 report (one/7124 births). Also, severe SH (requiring transfusion) was more common (one/10,033 births vs. one/20,950 births previously). Four died (all with severe SH) and 12 had neurodevelopmental impairment.
conclusionRecognized cases of SH are increasing in our system without a clear explanation. Adverse outcomes are rare but continue to occur.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.