ArticleEnvironmental research2023
Time trend of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between 1995 and 2019 in Germany - Showcases for successful European legislation.
Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of 18 mercapturic acids in urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank-tackling the data gap in the human biomonitoring of VOCs in Europe.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prescription of lipid-lowering drugs and their association with hospitalization for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Germany in 2010-2022.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Changing pattern of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over time in the Central European population.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- High levels of urinary naphthalene metabolites measured in a sample of California schoolchildren: a call to expand monitoring and identify exposure sources.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Unambiguous Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene and Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in HPLC Fractions via Room-Temperature Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrices.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Environmental and dietary factors associated with urinary OH-PAHs in mid-pregnancy in a large multi-site study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Biomonitoring of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Workers at a Waste-to-Energy Incinerator, Turin, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Renal excretion of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) in firefighting instructors after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during live fire training.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Starting in 2002, regulations and legislative amendments in Germany focused on the non-smoker protection with several measures to reduce exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). The present work aimed to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and SHS exposure and to determine to which extent enforced non-smoking regulations and smoking bans affected the exposure of the non-smoking population in Germany since their implementation in the early 2000s until today. For this purpose, cotinine and selected monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) were analyzed by means of (UP)LC-MS/MS in 510 24-h-urine samples of the Environmental Specimen Bank collected over a time span of 24 years from 1995 to 2019. Median urinary cotinine levels were found to steadily and significantly decline by 82% from 1995 to 2019. A significant decrease of urinary 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (19%), 1-OH-pyrene (39%), 1-naphthol (66%), 1- (17%), 2- (25%), and 3-OH-phenanthrene (22%) was also observed throughout the same time span. The decline in urinary levels of cotinine and several OH-PAHs can most likely be attributed to smoking bans and regulations limiting SHS and PAH exposure. This study therefore emphasizes the relevance of human biomonitoring to investigate the exposure of humans to chemicals of concern, assess the effectiveness of regulatory measures, and help policies to enforce provisions to protect public health.
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