ArticleBrain and behavior2022
Microglial/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity in Patients With LGI1 and CASPR2 Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- AQP4-IgG-Induced Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Mitochondrial DNA Regulate the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway to Drive Microglial Activation and Neuromyelitis Optica.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Microglia/Macrophages in Autoimmune Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis (Multiple Sclerosis/Neuromyelitis Optica).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Microglial/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe aims of this pilot study were to investigate the levels of biomarkers of microglial/macrophage activation-YKL-40, sCD163, and sCD14-in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and determine the possible associations between these biomarkers and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.
methodsWe measured the levels of three microglia-/macrophage-related proteins (YKL-40, soluble CD163, and soluble CD14) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, patients' neurological disability levels were assessed using EDSS scores.
resultsNMOSD patients had significantly higher CSF levels of YKL-40(210.52 ± 161.62 for NMOSD and 63.18 ± 9.22 for control), sCD163 (87.23 ± 56.85 for NMOSD and 58.14 ± 7.66 for control), and sCD14 (68.22 ± 24.11 for NMOSD and 55.75 ± 9.48 for control) compared with controls. Furthermore, these biomarker levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores in patients with NMOSD (r = 0.303, p = .002 for YKL-40; r = 0310, p = .001 for sCD14; r = 0.250, p = .011 for sCD163), but not in patients with multiple sclerosis or glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy.
conclusionOur findings suggest that microglial/macrophage activation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.
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Registered trials
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