SynthesisCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2023
Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.
Synthesis in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Evaluating Sex Disparity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Risk in the UK Biobank Cohort.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors for pancreatic cancer in electronic health records: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Natural Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for Pancreatic Cancer: A Narrative Review.Current drug metabolism · 2025Review
- An Overview of Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in China: Current Landscape and Future Prospects.Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical AssociationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is commonly prescribed, little is known about the association between MHT use and risk of pancreatic cancer.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from inception until April 20, 2022. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled relative risks (RR) for pancreatic cancer risk were calculated using random-effects models. We computed prediction intervals (PI) and performed subgroup meta-analyses. Meta-regression was performed to investigate the sources of heterogeneity.
resultsThis study included 2,712,313 women from 11 cohort studies. There was no association between MHT and pancreatic cancer risk (RR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-1.02; I2, 64%; 95% PI, 0.68-1.25). Subgroup meta-analyses of four studies stratified by MHT formulations showed inverse associations with the risk of pancreatic cancer (women receiving estrogen-only MHT: RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94; I2, 57%; estrogen plus progestin MHT: RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96; I2, 0%). Subgroup analysis defined by recency and duration of treatment did not reveal evidence of associations between MHT and pancreatic cancer risk.
conclusionsThis study found no association between the overall use of MHT and risk of pancreatic cancer. However, among four studies with data on MHT formulations, subgroup analysis showed a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer among users of estrogen-only and combined estrogen-progestin therapy. Owing to the inconsistent findings between our main and subgroup analyses, future studies stratified by MHT formulations are warranted. IMPACT: The findings of this study indicate that future investigation should focus on MHT formulations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.